1) 계기의 어떤 점(수치)를 가리킬 경우를 제외하곤 '수가 얼마를 넘는다'라고 할 때는 above를 쓰지 않고 over을 쓴다.

   There were above a hundred people in the crowd.(*)

   There were over a hundred people in the crowd.

   I receive over twenty letters a day.

   Don't let the temperature get above thirty degrees.

2) 우리말에 '무엇보다도'라고 해서 무조건 above all을 쓰면 안되고 '가장 중요한 것은(most importantly)'이라는 뜻을 갖는 문장에서 사용해야 한다. 종종 우리말의 '무엇보다도'는 especially가 더 어울릴 경우가 있다.

   He likes reading, above all novels.(*)

   He likes reading, especially all novels.

   Get plenty of sleep, eat lots of good food, and above all try to relax.

   There were many qualities that made him a great leader. Above all, he had charisma.

3) '다른 어떤 것(사람)보다도(more than anywhere, anything, anyone)'라는 뜻으로 사용될 때는 above all 보다 most of all, the most, by far를 쓴다.

   This year English is above all my most important subject.(*)

   This year English is by far my most important subject.

   The riot was by far the most horrific scene I'd ever witnessed.

4) above mentioned는 명사 앞에 써야지 명사 뒤에 써서 명사를 수식하지 않는다.

   I would be grateful if you would send it to the address above-mentioned.(*)

   I would be grateful if you would send it to above-mentioned address.

1) abroad는 부사이기 때문에 전치사(to, in, at)을 붙이지 않는다.

   Since I was small, I've always wanted to go to abroad.(*)

   Since I was small, I've always wanted to go abroad.

   I would like to continue my studies in abroad.(*)

   I would like to continue my studies abroad.

2) abroad 앞에 전치사 from은 올 수 있다.

   She came back from abroad saying how much she had missed her home and family.

absent

1) absent는 공식적으로 참가해야 하는 곳에 참가하지 않는 것을 말하고 miss는 그냥 모임에 참가하지 않는 것을 나타낸다.

   It's a pity that you were absent from the training session.(*)

   It's a pity that you weren't at the training session.

   It's a pity that you missed at the training session.

   Her teacher wanted to know why she'd been absent.

   I wouldn't miss Sandro's party for the world!(=I really want to go to it.)

   John won't be at the meeting. He's had to fly to Rome on business.

1) accept는 충고, 의견, 제안(advice, opinion, suggestion) 등을 받아들일 때 쓴다. 이외의 것에는 agree to를 쓰는 것이 좋다.

   The company will not accept to buy new machines.(*)

   The company will not agree to buy new machines.

   I accepted her suggestion and agreed to see the doctor that evening.

2) accept는 '목적어가 to부정사하는 것을 받아들이다'라는 식으로 쓸 수 없다. 이럴 때는 allow나 permit를 쓴다.

   The driver did not accept me to get on the bus.(*)

   The driver did not allowed me to get on the bus.

   We can't accept a motorway to be built through our town.(*)

   We can't allow a motorway to be built through our town.

   Many parents do not allow(permit) their children to watch violent  films.

   Many parents do not let their children watch violent films.

3) accept는 to부정사를 목적으로 쓰지 않는다. to부정사를 쓰려면 agree를 쓰는 것이 좋다.

   I accept to do it.(*)

   I agreed to do it.

1) 큰 사고라고 해서 big accident라고 해서는 안되고 bad, dreadful, serious, fatal accident라고 해야한다.

   Her car was involved in a big accident.(*)

   Her car was involved in a serious accident.

2) accident는 교통사고처럼 우발적인 사고를 말하고 incident는 계획성이 가미된 사고를 말한다. 종종 좋지 않은(unpleasant) 사건을 나타낸다.

   26 people have been killed in a dramatic shooting incident.

   The voting went ahead without incident.

3)  충돌하다고 할 때는 into를 쓴다. with를 쓰지 않는다.

   A car crashed with something.(*)

   A car crashed into something.

1) accomplish는 만족(satisfaction)을 주는 어떤 것을 성취하는 경우에 쓰고 이와 유사한 achieve는 계획(plan)했던 것이거나 많은 노력을 한 후에 성취한 것에 쓴다. 물론 의미가 중복되는 부분이 있어 서로 구별하기 곤란한 경우도 있다.

   To accomplish world unity, we need peace.(*)

   To achieve world unity, we need peace.

   A balanced diet is accomplished by eating many different kinds of  food.(*)

   A balanced diet is achieved by eating many different kinds of food.

   She felt that she could accomplish more through journalism.

   During his five years as President, he accomplished very little.

   The company intends to achieve all these goals within the next five  years.

   By the age of twenty, she had already achieved her ambition.

   By the end of the course, you will feel that you've really achieved  something.

1) according to 다음에는 작가나, 이름, 그들(them) 등이 올 수 있지 자신이 me나 us는 올 수 없다. 따라서 me, us를 쓰려면 in my(our) opinion으로 써야한다.

   According to me, we should spend more money on education.(*)

   In my opinion, we should spend more money on education.

1) account를 'take into account the fact that절' 이라는 식으로 쓸 때 the fact를 생략하면 안 된다.

   We also have to take into account that the schools are overcrowded.(*)

   We also have to take into account the fact that the schools are overcrowded.

   They should take into account the fact that these archaeological treasures are extremely valuable.

1)  어떤 글을 쓸 때 기계 등이 정확할 때 쓴다. 시간이나 날짜가 정확하다고 할 때는 exact를 쓴다.

   I cannot give you the accurate date of my arrival yet.(*)

   I cannot give you the exact date of my arrival yet.

   Her novels are always historically accurate.

   These figures can't be accurate, surely.

   Are you sure the bathroom scales are accurate?

   The exact time is three minutes to seven.

   Do you remember his exact words?

   They'll be arriving next week - on Friday at three, to be exact.

1) '-에 익숙하다'고 할 때는 be(become, get, grow) accustomed to라고 써야지 그냥 accustom이라고 쓰면 안 된다. 그리고 to는 전치사이기 때문에 -ing가 와야지 동사 원형이 와서는 안 된다. 공적인 것이 아닐 때는 be(become, get, grow) used to를 써도 된다.

   I am beginning to accustom to the British way of life.(*)

   I am beginning to get accustomed to the British way of life.

   Within a few minutes, my eyes had grown accustomed to the dark.

   I am beginning to get used to the British way of life.

1) ache는 주로 동사로 쓰이거나 아니면 tooth ache, ear ache, head ache, back ache, stomach ache처럼 명사와 합쳐 쓰인다. 따라서 I had an ache in my legs. 라고 해서는 안 된다. 굳이 이런 식으로 쓰려면 ache를 쓰지 말고 pains를 쓰면 된다.

   After the run, I had an ache in my legs.(*)

   After the run, my legs were aching.

   After the run, I had pains in my legs.

   That radio of yours is giving me a headache.

   I did some weight training on Monday and my shoulders have been aching ever since.

1) 어떤 구체적인 행동일 때는 act나 behave를 혼용해서 사용해도 된다. 그러나 사람의 일반적인 행동일 때는 behave를 써야한다.

   I am interested in the way people act towards each other.(*)

   I am interested in the way people behave towards each other.

   It's time that human beings learned how to act properly, without killing each other.(*)

   It's time that human beings learned how to behave properly, without killing each other.

   You can't expect all babies to behave the same.

   From the way he behaves, anyone would think that he doesn't get  paid.

   Passengers who left the flight in Rhodes said that they had seen two men acting(behaving) very suspiciously.

1) 동사 do와 action을 같이 쓰지 않는다. do를 쓰려면 do things(something, anything)으로 쓴다.

   The actions that we do everyday are made easier by computers.(*)

   The things that we do everyday are made easier by computers.

   If someone has done a wrong action, he should be punished.(*)

   If someone has done something wrong, he should be punished.

2) 어떤 구체적인 행동이라는 뜻으로 'an(the) act of (doing) something'이라고 쓸 때는 action 안 쓰고 act를 쓴다.

   It is difficult to forgive those responsible for actions of terrorism.(*)

   It is difficult to forgive those responsible for acts of terrorism.

   Blackmail is the action of trying to obtain money from someone be threatening to expose them.(*)

   Blackmail is the act of trying to obtain money from someone be threatening to expose them.

   For some people, the very act of taling to a doctor can help them to feel better.

3) 때로는 action이 셀 수 없는 명사이므로 관사를 쓰면 안 된다. 특히 '조치를 취하다'라고 할 때는 take action처럼 무관사로 써야한다.

   Few people are aware that an urgent action is needed.(*)

   Few people are aware that urgent action is needed.

   The government should take an action to reduce the birth rate.(*)

   The government should take action to reduce the birth rate.

   There is too much talk and not enough action.

   This illegal trade will continue unless action is taken to stop it.

1) actual은 계획된 것이나, 기대되는 것, 믿어지는 것과 반대로 실제로 어떻게 되었다고 할 때 쓴다. 이에 반해 지금 발생하거나 존재하는 것(happening, existing)은 present, current를 쓴다.

   We'd like to know more about the actual crisis.(*)

   We'd like to know more about the present crisis.

   My actual job involves a lot of administration.(*)

   My present job involves a lot of administration.

   People think he is over fifty but his actual age is forty-eight.

   Although buses are supposed to run every fifteen minutes, the actual waiting time can be up to an hour.

1) '-에 대한 광고'라고 할 때는 about을 쓰지 않고 for를 쓴다.

   I have just seen your advertisement about a Chinese cook.(*)

   I have just seen your advertisement for a Chinese cook.

1) '무엇을 어디에 첨가하다'라고 할 때는 into를 쓰면 안되고 to를 써야한다.

   The other ingredients are then added into the mixture.(*)

   The other ingredients are then added to the mixture.

1) admire은 경탄하면서 보는 것을 의미하기 때문에 그냥 단순하게 본다는(look at, see) 의미로 사용해서는 안 된다.

   One hour is not long enough to admire all the exhibits.(*)

   One hour is not long enough to see all the exhibits.

   I enjoyed admiring all the old buildings.(*)

   I enjoyed looking at all the old buildings.

2) 단순히 좋아하다, 즐기다(enjoy)라는 의미로 admire을 사용하면 안 된다.

   Although it was a sad film, I admired it very much.(*)

   Although it was a sad film, I enjoyed it very much.