학습지원센터
[편입] 2006년도 1학기 서울여대 기출문제
등록일 2007.01.06
조회 3,013
서울여자대학교 2006학년도 1학기 편입학전형 영어고사
문항별 배점 : 1～10 2점, 11～30 2.5점, 31～40 3점
Ⅰ. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined expression. (1～5)
1. Mr. Justice Otton said: “I reject the argument that Greenpeace is a ‘mere’ or ‘meddlesome’
busybody, or even an officious bystander.”
① beneficial ② legitimate ③ impersonal ④ obtrusive
2. The existence of life in Mars is a treasure beyond assessing, and the preservation of that life must
supersede any other possible use of Mars.
① replace ② supplement ③ verify ④ facilitate
3. A gentleman strolled casually past the carriage, staring at Emily with bold eyes much to her
father’s mixture of chagrin and pride.
① exaltation ② irritation ③ prudence ④ amorousness
4. The gruesome details of Edgar Allen Poe’s stories often stick in people’s minds.
① exhilarating ② fiery ③ horrible ④ wistful
5. The new lifestyle magazine, focusing on fashion and travel, will cater to “modern, multitasking” men
aged 25 to 45.
① deject ② humiliate ③ castigate ④ gratify
Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (6～10)
6. Because of their shared interests, the two cousins tended to _______________ toward each other whenever
there was a family reunion.
① grimace ② muddle ③ gravitate ④ nestle
7. An increasing number of women in the 1980s delayed marriage and childbirth in order to
_______________ their careers.
① avert ② hitch ③ renounce ④ launch
8. I was shocked to see those people dressing alike, looking alike and thinking alike; they were supposed to
be liberated, but it just seemed like stifling _______________.
① conformity ② commitment ③ mediocrity ④ stigma
9. There is nevertheless a _______________ suspicion among some scientists that high-fibre diets do nothing to reduce the risk of cancer.
① generic ② gullible ③ nagging ④ relentless
10. You’d better _______________ that presumptuous remark, or I will sue you for libel.
① hold forth ② take back ③ make off ④ lay down
Ⅲ. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. (11～15)
11. The hypnosis session being over, I suggested to Joyce that she ran through exactly
① ② ③
the same set of images at least once every two days for the next two months.
④
12. The most of the coal we now mine to use for fuel was formed about 300 million years ago.
① ② ③ ④
13. The risks of laser surgery are lower than conventional surgery, but a great deal depends on
① ② ③ ④
the skills of individual surgeons.
14. It makes this novel so frustrating is that enough elements are there for us to imagine how ① ②
they might have been rearranged to create a thrilling drama of the French Revolution.
③ ④
15. Sunscreens have the energy of the sun’s ultraviolet rays transformed into other less harmful form
① ② ③ ④
of radiation.
Ⅳ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (16～20)
16. Cleaning symbioses are found in the sea, in fresh water, on land and in the air, but the greatest number
of examples ________________ marine species.
① concern ② concerning ③ is concerned ④ are concerned
17. Medicinal practices in the ancient world were as related to religion and philosophy ________________
science.
① being to ② they were to ③ as they were to ④ as related
18. The Olympic Games have grown from a one-day affair to ________________ sixteen days each time
it is held.
① that which lasts ② one that lasts ③ that which is lasted ④ one that is lasted
19. ________________ player scores the highest number of points will be the winner.
① Any ② Whoever ③ No ④ Whichever
20. India’s luxury hotels have seen a surge in occupancy, ________________ demand expected to grow
9 percent ________________ average for the next two years.
① of-in ② with-on ③ on-with ④ for-on
Ⅴ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (21～26)
21. One cause of forgetfulness is simply information overload. Constantly bombarded by new information, we
can’t help but forget some of it. In other words, the brain simply can’t retain every new impression or experience, so ___________________.
① it has to work harder to store new information
② we need to be anxious about forgetfulness
③ we don’t make an attempt to remember
④ it discards some
22. As English is increasingly used internationally, and is taught in more and more countries, it is recognized as being a global language. If scientists from China, Sweden, Brazil and Italy meet, they are likely to use English as the common medium of communication, even though this is not the first language of any of them. Yet at the same time, ___________________ to recognize that English may not, in fact, be a single standard form all around the world.
① English has been enriched through borrowing vocabulary from other languages
② the mass media and print media are helping to keep English stable
③ students are advised to take care to use standard English in class
④ more and more linguists are speaking about “Englishes”
23. In the late 1990s, flight attendants around the world noticed a dramatic increase in “air rage.” This is the official term for what happens when someone becomes extremely angry or upset on a plane. These people may become so dangerously violent that ___________________.
① the plane has to land somewhere and unload them
② they are allowed to drink as much alcohol as they want
③ the pilots have a hard time controlling the plane in bad weather
④ airlines decide to reduce the amount of seat space for each passenger
24. Can intelligence be taught? The traditional answer is no. That answer, however, is based solely on short-term studies. Long-term studies have shown that training in specific skills does seem to improve intelligence scores. ___________________, the Israeli psychologist Reuven Feuerstein has developed a program that involves hundreds of hours of special tutoring. The program’s emphasis is on remedying errors in thinking. Feuerstein’s results suggest that such training does indeed improve IQ scores.
① In consequence
② For example
③ Of course
④ Yet again
25. Once upon a time, a drop in production from one country could be absorbed by the rest of the OPEC members. But today’s global oil market is so tight that ___________________. Any drop in production from a supplier can quickly send the price of oil soaring.
① it leaves us with numerous options
② there is little room for profitability
③ there is little spare capacity left
④ we still have a few supplier nations
26. We have held the peculiar notion that a person or society that is a little different from us is somehow strange or bizarre. Think of the negative connotations of words like “alien.” And yet the monuments and cultures of each of our civilizations merely represent different ways of being human. An extraterrestrial visitor, looking at the differences among human beings and their societies, ___________________.
① would find those differences trivial compared to the similarities
② would consider a strange person to be distrusted or loathed
③ would recognize the inevitable differences among humans
④ would realize that each civilization represents a different mode of living
Ⅵ. Read the following passages and answer the questions. (27～40)
[27～28] Who controls the market―companies or consumers? This question is even more complicated as new ways of buying, having and being are invented every day. It seems that the “good old days” of marketerspace, a time when companies called the shots and decided what they wanted their consumers to know and do, are dead and gone. Many people now feel empowered to choose how, when, or if they will interact with corporations as they construct their own consumerspace. In turn, companies need to develop and leverage brand equity in bold new ways to attract the loyalty of these consumer “nomads.” People still “need” companies―but in new ways and on their own terms.
27. What is the main idea of the passage?
① Companies still control the marketplace.
② Consumers have gained power in the marketplace.
③ Companies should try to increase consumers’ loyalty.
④ The marketplace should return to the “good old days.”
28. As used in the passage, the term “nomads” refers to those who ___________________.
① are natives of a savannah region
② don’t bother to travel a lot to shop
③ move from one product brand to another
④ have immigrated from one country to another
[29～30] In the 1960s and 1970s, mothers believed that their babies could sleep well only in complete silence. Today, however, pediatricians advise parents to help their babies learn to sleep with background noise. Thirty to forty years ago, doctors told mothers to lay babies face down to sleep so they would not choke on vomit or mucus. Nowadays, doctors say babies should sleep on their backs to lower the risk of suffocating. Decades ago, mothers gave their babies cereal beginning at six weeks. These days, pediatricians counsel parents to withhold solid food until the child is four to six months old. Moms of the ’60s and ’70s also believed that wheeled baby walkers helped their children learn to walk. Now, though, doctors say that walkers actually hinder babies’ walking. Decades ago, mothers bathed their infants daily. Today’s doctors say babies need baths only about twice a week.
29. Which of the following is NOT what pediatricians of today claim?
① Walkers do not actually help babies learn to walk.
② To avoid suffocating, babies had better sleep on their backs.
③ Babies usually sleep better with background noise than in complete silence.
④ Children may begin to eat solid food when they are four to six months old.
30. What is the passage chiefly about?
① The many ways in which children may grow up
② The continuing conflict between pediatricians and parents
③ The natural wisdom of parents surpassing the professional knowledge of pediatricians
④ The contradiction between today’s baby-care advice and the baby-care advice of thirty to forty years
ago
[31～32] On March 14th, after years of debate, the United Nations will initiate a “Digital Solidarity Fund” to finance projects that address “the uneven distribution and use of new information and communication technologies” and “enable excluded people and countries to enter the new era of the information society.” Yet the debate over the digital divide is founded on a myth―that plugging poor countries into the internet will help them to become rich rapidly.
This is highly unlikely, because the digital divide is not a problem in itself, but a symptom of deeper, more important divides: of income, development and literacy. Fewer people in poor countries than in rich ones own computers and have access to the internet simply because they are too poor, are illiterate, or have other more pressing concerns, such as food, health care and security. So even if it were possible to wave a magic wand and cause a computer to appear in every household on earth, it would not achieve very much: a computer is not useful if you have no food or electricity and cannot read. Yet the construction of specific local infrastructure projects such as rural telecenters is just what the UN’s new fund is intended for. This sort of thing is the wrong way to go about addressing the inequality of access to digital technologies: it is treating the symptoms, rather than the underlying causes.
31. According to the passage, why does the author call the idea of the expansion of the internet access “a myth”?
① Because the author considers people in poor countries primitive.
② Because the author thinks that the digital divide cannot be overcome.
③ Because the author does not believe that people in poor countries are illiterate.
④ Because the author understands there exist underlying causes of the digital divide.
32. Which of the following can be supported by the passage?
① It is hard to determine how to use technology in poor countries.
② The real benefits of building rural computing centers are unclear.
③ Trying to close the digital divide for the sake of it is the best solution.
④ The spread of the internet brings a great impact on social development.
[33～34] Most Gypsy characters in literature haven’t even been given the respectful acknowledgment of an upper-case letter to identify their ethnicity, a mark of respect that has only been given consistently in recent years, and only then after years of struggle by Romani rights activists. This issue of the name is not an insignificant one: the lower-case letter reflects an attitude of denial that the Gypsies, or more properly, Roma (or Romani people), are a legitimate ethnic population. Anyone can be a “gypsy,” the lower-case letter implies, just as anyone can be a hippie or a punk or a drifter. But the reality is far different. Though the name “Gypsy” is problematic, it still describes, however awkwardly, a real population with a strong cultural identity, sharing a common history as well as a root language and related cultural practices.
An informed public will recognize the derogatory stereotypes of Gypsies embedded in our language, literature, and media: Gypsies as thieves, child-stealers, and criminals abound. But what about all the “positive” images of Gypsies? These characters are the romantic wanderers: passionate, mysterious, and above all, free―all that we value and long for. Though these images can blind non-Gypsies to the serious problems real Gypsies face in the world, I found that because they fulfill functions for both populations, they continue to be actively employed by both cultures. The images have in fact migrated back and forth between Gypsy and non-Gypsy culture, affecting both cultures profoundly.
33. Which of the following is true of the “issue of the name”?
① A Gypsy character in literature has often been referred to as a “gypsy” rather than a “Gypsy.”
② The author prefers the name “Gypsies” to “Romani people” because of the popularity of the former.
③ Romani rights activists have maintained that neither “gypsies” nor “Gypsies” should be used as a
name for Romani people.
④ “Gypsies” with the capital letter G suggests more strongly than “gypsies” that the Gypsy community
can be dangerous to the larger society.
34. What is the major aim of the passage?
① To propose a new, more proper name for Gypsies
② To introduce Gypsy literature to non-Gypsy society
③ To call our attention to general prejudices about Gypsies
④ To give a detailed description of the historical hardships Gypsies have undergone
[35～36] Every poll about young people and their heroes seems to suggest that celebrities are the main heroes of today’s pre-teens and teens. This seems a shame because our heroes when we are young play an important role in how we behave as adults. If young people today worship celebrities, who―or more to the point, what―are they imitating? To give an example, my ten-year-old daughter worships Britney Spears. The nubile Ms. Spears is, in fact, her expressed hero. “I wanna be just like Britney,” she announced over breakfast the other morning. Hearing my daughter make that claim gave me goosebumps. After all, the charming Ms. Spears doesn’t seem to have any talent, so what does my daughter find worthy of admiration? More to the point, what kind of behavior is she likely to imitate? I certainly hope she does not aspire to displaying her navel or performing suggestive dance routines. Unfortunately, many of today’s hottest celebrities are known more for their notoriety than for their talent. So if our kids consider them heroes, are they saying they want to grow up to have no talent, make a lot of money, and behave badly in public? How I wish we were back in the days when kids thought people like Muhammed Ali, John F. Kennedy, and Billy Jean King were heroes worthy of imitation.
35. The author mentions Britney Spears in the passage because he/she thinks _________________________.
① she performs suggestive dance routines
② she is not worthy of admiration
③ she is charming
④ she is nubile
36. What is the author’s tone in the passage?
① Disapproving
② Solemn
③ Amused
④ Condescending
[37～38] According to a theory, terrorism is a violent and extreme reaction to injustice. Typically, this injustice theory is used to explain left-wing terrorism. The theory is never applied to right-wing terrorism, and thus pre-selects its proofs. It not only coincides with the justifications offered by terrorists themselves, but it also accompanies a belief that a just cause lies behind the terrorist attack. Accepting the theory also leads to other convictions. If terrorism is solely the result of injustice, then without the injustice there would be no terrorism. So the best response is to work for justice. (A)Threats, vengeance, security strictures―anything other than the addressing of legitimate grievance is ultimately futile. In particular, since killing terrorists does nothing to alter injustice, it will do nothing to alter terror. Instead, it only leads to more injustice, turning the victims of terrorism into mirror images of the terrorists themselves.
37. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the “injustice theory”?
① Militant attempts to destroy terrorism lead to cycles of violence.
② Terrorism cannot be stopped whatever response we choose.
③ Opposing sides tend to resemble each other.
④ A war on terror amplifies terror.
38. Which of the following is implied in the underlined part (A)?
① We should respond to terrorism by acknowledging injustice.
② Terrorists should be described as sympathetic characters.
③ To grieve over terrorism eventually solves the problem.
④ Terrorists are prone to revenge.
[39～40] It was Herbert Spencer who invented the poisoned phrase “survival of the fittest.” He became one of the band of philosophers known as social Darwinists. The social Darwinists thought that measures to help the poor were wasted, since people were obviously unfit and thus doomed to sink. For 100 years Darwinism was associated with a particularly harsh and unpleasant view of the world and, worse, one that was clearly not true―at least not the whole truth. People certainly compete, but they collaborate, too. They also have compassion for the fallen and frequently try to help them, rather than treading on them. Humanity relies not on Spencer’s idea of individual competition, but on social interaction. That interaction is sometimes confrontational and occasionally bloody. But it is frequently collaborative, and even when it is not, it is more often manipulative than violent. This is a comforting view because it suggests the possibility of the reconciliation of competition and collaboration. Human nature is not, to use another of Spencer’s phrases, red in tooth and claw.
39. Which of the following would the social Darwinists NOT argue?
① People get what they deserve.
② The fittest not only survive, but prosper.
③ The ranking by wealth is genetically determined.
④ Society is the natural environment in which humanity is evolving.
40. Which of the following is most likely to follow the above passage?
① Social Darwinism has to figure out how society and human behavior have evolved.
② Herbert Spencer is the very one that is responsible for the evil of social Darwinism.
③ As a result, the practical application of social Darwinism has been even more promising.
④ Societies built around the idea that human nature is only competitive are doomed to early failure.
문항별 배점 : 1～10 2점, 11～30 2.5점, 31～40 3점
Ⅰ. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined expression. (1～5)
1. Mr. Justice Otton said: “I reject the argument that Greenpeace is a ‘mere’ or ‘meddlesome’
busybody, or even an officious bystander.”
① beneficial ② legitimate ③ impersonal ④ obtrusive
2. The existence of life in Mars is a treasure beyond assessing, and the preservation of that life must
supersede any other possible use of Mars.
① replace ② supplement ③ verify ④ facilitate
3. A gentleman strolled casually past the carriage, staring at Emily with bold eyes much to her
father’s mixture of chagrin and pride.
① exaltation ② irritation ③ prudence ④ amorousness
4. The gruesome details of Edgar Allen Poe’s stories often stick in people’s minds.
① exhilarating ② fiery ③ horrible ④ wistful
5. The new lifestyle magazine, focusing on fashion and travel, will cater to “modern, multitasking” men
aged 25 to 45.
① deject ② humiliate ③ castigate ④ gratify
Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (6～10)
6. Because of their shared interests, the two cousins tended to _______________ toward each other whenever
there was a family reunion.
① grimace ② muddle ③ gravitate ④ nestle
7. An increasing number of women in the 1980s delayed marriage and childbirth in order to
_______________ their careers.
① avert ② hitch ③ renounce ④ launch
8. I was shocked to see those people dressing alike, looking alike and thinking alike; they were supposed to
be liberated, but it just seemed like stifling _______________.
① conformity ② commitment ③ mediocrity ④ stigma
9. There is nevertheless a _______________ suspicion among some scientists that high-fibre diets do nothing to reduce the risk of cancer.
① generic ② gullible ③ nagging ④ relentless
10. You’d better _______________ that presumptuous remark, or I will sue you for libel.
① hold forth ② take back ③ make off ④ lay down
Ⅲ. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. (11～15)
11. The hypnosis session being over, I suggested to Joyce that she ran through exactly
① ② ③
the same set of images at least once every two days for the next two months.
④
12. The most of the coal we now mine to use for fuel was formed about 300 million years ago.
① ② ③ ④
13. The risks of laser surgery are lower than conventional surgery, but a great deal depends on
① ② ③ ④
the skills of individual surgeons.
14. It makes this novel so frustrating is that enough elements are there for us to imagine how ① ②
they might have been rearranged to create a thrilling drama of the French Revolution.
③ ④
15. Sunscreens have the energy of the sun’s ultraviolet rays transformed into other less harmful form
① ② ③ ④
of radiation.
Ⅳ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (16～20)
16. Cleaning symbioses are found in the sea, in fresh water, on land and in the air, but the greatest number
of examples ________________ marine species.
① concern ② concerning ③ is concerned ④ are concerned
17. Medicinal practices in the ancient world were as related to religion and philosophy ________________
science.
① being to ② they were to ③ as they were to ④ as related
18. The Olympic Games have grown from a one-day affair to ________________ sixteen days each time
it is held.
① that which lasts ② one that lasts ③ that which is lasted ④ one that is lasted
19. ________________ player scores the highest number of points will be the winner.
① Any ② Whoever ③ No ④ Whichever
20. India’s luxury hotels have seen a surge in occupancy, ________________ demand expected to grow
9 percent ________________ average for the next two years.
① of-in ② with-on ③ on-with ④ for-on
Ⅴ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (21～26)
21. One cause of forgetfulness is simply information overload. Constantly bombarded by new information, we
can’t help but forget some of it. In other words, the brain simply can’t retain every new impression or experience, so ___________________.
① it has to work harder to store new information
② we need to be anxious about forgetfulness
③ we don’t make an attempt to remember
④ it discards some
22. As English is increasingly used internationally, and is taught in more and more countries, it is recognized as being a global language. If scientists from China, Sweden, Brazil and Italy meet, they are likely to use English as the common medium of communication, even though this is not the first language of any of them. Yet at the same time, ___________________ to recognize that English may not, in fact, be a single standard form all around the world.
① English has been enriched through borrowing vocabulary from other languages
② the mass media and print media are helping to keep English stable
③ students are advised to take care to use standard English in class
④ more and more linguists are speaking about “Englishes”
23. In the late 1990s, flight attendants around the world noticed a dramatic increase in “air rage.” This is the official term for what happens when someone becomes extremely angry or upset on a plane. These people may become so dangerously violent that ___________________.
① the plane has to land somewhere and unload them
② they are allowed to drink as much alcohol as they want
③ the pilots have a hard time controlling the plane in bad weather
④ airlines decide to reduce the amount of seat space for each passenger
24. Can intelligence be taught? The traditional answer is no. That answer, however, is based solely on short-term studies. Long-term studies have shown that training in specific skills does seem to improve intelligence scores. ___________________, the Israeli psychologist Reuven Feuerstein has developed a program that involves hundreds of hours of special tutoring. The program’s emphasis is on remedying errors in thinking. Feuerstein’s results suggest that such training does indeed improve IQ scores.
① In consequence
② For example
③ Of course
④ Yet again
25. Once upon a time, a drop in production from one country could be absorbed by the rest of the OPEC members. But today’s global oil market is so tight that ___________________. Any drop in production from a supplier can quickly send the price of oil soaring.
① it leaves us with numerous options
② there is little room for profitability
③ there is little spare capacity left
④ we still have a few supplier nations
26. We have held the peculiar notion that a person or society that is a little different from us is somehow strange or bizarre. Think of the negative connotations of words like “alien.” And yet the monuments and cultures of each of our civilizations merely represent different ways of being human. An extraterrestrial visitor, looking at the differences among human beings and their societies, ___________________.
① would find those differences trivial compared to the similarities
② would consider a strange person to be distrusted or loathed
③ would recognize the inevitable differences among humans
④ would realize that each civilization represents a different mode of living
Ⅵ. Read the following passages and answer the questions. (27～40)
[27～28] Who controls the market―companies or consumers? This question is even more complicated as new ways of buying, having and being are invented every day. It seems that the “good old days” of marketerspace, a time when companies called the shots and decided what they wanted their consumers to know and do, are dead and gone. Many people now feel empowered to choose how, when, or if they will interact with corporations as they construct their own consumerspace. In turn, companies need to develop and leverage brand equity in bold new ways to attract the loyalty of these consumer “nomads.” People still “need” companies―but in new ways and on their own terms.
27. What is the main idea of the passage?
① Companies still control the marketplace.
② Consumers have gained power in the marketplace.
③ Companies should try to increase consumers’ loyalty.
④ The marketplace should return to the “good old days.”
28. As used in the passage, the term “nomads” refers to those who ___________________.
① are natives of a savannah region
② don’t bother to travel a lot to shop
③ move from one product brand to another
④ have immigrated from one country to another
[29～30] In the 1960s and 1970s, mothers believed that their babies could sleep well only in complete silence. Today, however, pediatricians advise parents to help their babies learn to sleep with background noise. Thirty to forty years ago, doctors told mothers to lay babies face down to sleep so they would not choke on vomit or mucus. Nowadays, doctors say babies should sleep on their backs to lower the risk of suffocating. Decades ago, mothers gave their babies cereal beginning at six weeks. These days, pediatricians counsel parents to withhold solid food until the child is four to six months old. Moms of the ’60s and ’70s also believed that wheeled baby walkers helped their children learn to walk. Now, though, doctors say that walkers actually hinder babies’ walking. Decades ago, mothers bathed their infants daily. Today’s doctors say babies need baths only about twice a week.
29. Which of the following is NOT what pediatricians of today claim?
① Walkers do not actually help babies learn to walk.
② To avoid suffocating, babies had better sleep on their backs.
③ Babies usually sleep better with background noise than in complete silence.
④ Children may begin to eat solid food when they are four to six months old.
30. What is the passage chiefly about?
① The many ways in which children may grow up
② The continuing conflict between pediatricians and parents
③ The natural wisdom of parents surpassing the professional knowledge of pediatricians
④ The contradiction between today’s baby-care advice and the baby-care advice of thirty to forty years
ago
[31～32] On March 14th, after years of debate, the United Nations will initiate a “Digital Solidarity Fund” to finance projects that address “the uneven distribution and use of new information and communication technologies” and “enable excluded people and countries to enter the new era of the information society.” Yet the debate over the digital divide is founded on a myth―that plugging poor countries into the internet will help them to become rich rapidly.
This is highly unlikely, because the digital divide is not a problem in itself, but a symptom of deeper, more important divides: of income, development and literacy. Fewer people in poor countries than in rich ones own computers and have access to the internet simply because they are too poor, are illiterate, or have other more pressing concerns, such as food, health care and security. So even if it were possible to wave a magic wand and cause a computer to appear in every household on earth, it would not achieve very much: a computer is not useful if you have no food or electricity and cannot read. Yet the construction of specific local infrastructure projects such as rural telecenters is just what the UN’s new fund is intended for. This sort of thing is the wrong way to go about addressing the inequality of access to digital technologies: it is treating the symptoms, rather than the underlying causes.
31. According to the passage, why does the author call the idea of the expansion of the internet access “a myth”?
① Because the author considers people in poor countries primitive.
② Because the author thinks that the digital divide cannot be overcome.
③ Because the author does not believe that people in poor countries are illiterate.
④ Because the author understands there exist underlying causes of the digital divide.
32. Which of the following can be supported by the passage?
① It is hard to determine how to use technology in poor countries.
② The real benefits of building rural computing centers are unclear.
③ Trying to close the digital divide for the sake of it is the best solution.
④ The spread of the internet brings a great impact on social development.
[33～34] Most Gypsy characters in literature haven’t even been given the respectful acknowledgment of an upper-case letter to identify their ethnicity, a mark of respect that has only been given consistently in recent years, and only then after years of struggle by Romani rights activists. This issue of the name is not an insignificant one: the lower-case letter reflects an attitude of denial that the Gypsies, or more properly, Roma (or Romani people), are a legitimate ethnic population. Anyone can be a “gypsy,” the lower-case letter implies, just as anyone can be a hippie or a punk or a drifter. But the reality is far different. Though the name “Gypsy” is problematic, it still describes, however awkwardly, a real population with a strong cultural identity, sharing a common history as well as a root language and related cultural practices.
An informed public will recognize the derogatory stereotypes of Gypsies embedded in our language, literature, and media: Gypsies as thieves, child-stealers, and criminals abound. But what about all the “positive” images of Gypsies? These characters are the romantic wanderers: passionate, mysterious, and above all, free―all that we value and long for. Though these images can blind non-Gypsies to the serious problems real Gypsies face in the world, I found that because they fulfill functions for both populations, they continue to be actively employed by both cultures. The images have in fact migrated back and forth between Gypsy and non-Gypsy culture, affecting both cultures profoundly.
33. Which of the following is true of the “issue of the name”?
① A Gypsy character in literature has often been referred to as a “gypsy” rather than a “Gypsy.”
② The author prefers the name “Gypsies” to “Romani people” because of the popularity of the former.
③ Romani rights activists have maintained that neither “gypsies” nor “Gypsies” should be used as a
name for Romani people.
④ “Gypsies” with the capital letter G suggests more strongly than “gypsies” that the Gypsy community
can be dangerous to the larger society.
34. What is the major aim of the passage?
① To propose a new, more proper name for Gypsies
② To introduce Gypsy literature to non-Gypsy society
③ To call our attention to general prejudices about Gypsies
④ To give a detailed description of the historical hardships Gypsies have undergone
[35～36] Every poll about young people and their heroes seems to suggest that celebrities are the main heroes of today’s pre-teens and teens. This seems a shame because our heroes when we are young play an important role in how we behave as adults. If young people today worship celebrities, who―or more to the point, what―are they imitating? To give an example, my ten-year-old daughter worships Britney Spears. The nubile Ms. Spears is, in fact, her expressed hero. “I wanna be just like Britney,” she announced over breakfast the other morning. Hearing my daughter make that claim gave me goosebumps. After all, the charming Ms. Spears doesn’t seem to have any talent, so what does my daughter find worthy of admiration? More to the point, what kind of behavior is she likely to imitate? I certainly hope she does not aspire to displaying her navel or performing suggestive dance routines. Unfortunately, many of today’s hottest celebrities are known more for their notoriety than for their talent. So if our kids consider them heroes, are they saying they want to grow up to have no talent, make a lot of money, and behave badly in public? How I wish we were back in the days when kids thought people like Muhammed Ali, John F. Kennedy, and Billy Jean King were heroes worthy of imitation.
35. The author mentions Britney Spears in the passage because he/she thinks _________________________.
① she performs suggestive dance routines
② she is not worthy of admiration
③ she is charming
④ she is nubile
36. What is the author’s tone in the passage?
① Disapproving
② Solemn
③ Amused
④ Condescending
[37～38] According to a theory, terrorism is a violent and extreme reaction to injustice. Typically, this injustice theory is used to explain left-wing terrorism. The theory is never applied to right-wing terrorism, and thus pre-selects its proofs. It not only coincides with the justifications offered by terrorists themselves, but it also accompanies a belief that a just cause lies behind the terrorist attack. Accepting the theory also leads to other convictions. If terrorism is solely the result of injustice, then without the injustice there would be no terrorism. So the best response is to work for justice. (A)Threats, vengeance, security strictures―anything other than the addressing of legitimate grievance is ultimately futile. In particular, since killing terrorists does nothing to alter injustice, it will do nothing to alter terror. Instead, it only leads to more injustice, turning the victims of terrorism into mirror images of the terrorists themselves.
37. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the “injustice theory”?
① Militant attempts to destroy terrorism lead to cycles of violence.
② Terrorism cannot be stopped whatever response we choose.
③ Opposing sides tend to resemble each other.
④ A war on terror amplifies terror.
38. Which of the following is implied in the underlined part (A)?
① We should respond to terrorism by acknowledging injustice.
② Terrorists should be described as sympathetic characters.
③ To grieve over terrorism eventually solves the problem.
④ Terrorists are prone to revenge.
[39～40] It was Herbert Spencer who invented the poisoned phrase “survival of the fittest.” He became one of the band of philosophers known as social Darwinists. The social Darwinists thought that measures to help the poor were wasted, since people were obviously unfit and thus doomed to sink. For 100 years Darwinism was associated with a particularly harsh and unpleasant view of the world and, worse, one that was clearly not true―at least not the whole truth. People certainly compete, but they collaborate, too. They also have compassion for the fallen and frequently try to help them, rather than treading on them. Humanity relies not on Spencer’s idea of individual competition, but on social interaction. That interaction is sometimes confrontational and occasionally bloody. But it is frequently collaborative, and even when it is not, it is more often manipulative than violent. This is a comforting view because it suggests the possibility of the reconciliation of competition and collaboration. Human nature is not, to use another of Spencer’s phrases, red in tooth and claw.
39. Which of the following would the social Darwinists NOT argue?
① People get what they deserve.
② The fittest not only survive, but prosper.
③ The ranking by wealth is genetically determined.
④ Society is the natural environment in which humanity is evolving.
40. Which of the following is most likely to follow the above passage?
① Social Darwinism has to figure out how society and human behavior have evolved.
② Herbert Spencer is the very one that is responsible for the evil of social Darwinism.
③ As a result, the practical application of social Darwinism has been even more promising.
④ Societies built around the idea that human nature is only competitive are doomed to early failure.
