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Untold number of immigrants flooded into the job market to feed the needs of growing production lines. Today, the story is much different. Other countries have caught up with the United States in the race to manufacture goods. American cities have deteriorated into pools of ever-increasing poverty and crime. Industries have _________ the cities for the hinterlands, where costs are lower. Computerization and mechanization of production lines have lessened the need for trained workers.

① endured② built③ cleaned

④ deserted⑤ destroyed

2. 다음 글을 읽고 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현을 고르시오.

A great and wise philosopher, Tom Sawyer would now have understood that work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do, and that play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do. And this would help him to understand why constructing artificial flowers or performing on a treadmill is work, while rolling tenpins or climbing Mont Blanc is only amusement. There are wealthy men in England who drive four-horse passenger coaches 20 or 30 miles on a daily line in the summer, because the privilege costs them considerable money; but if they were offered wages for the service, that would turn it into ____________, and then they would resign.

① amusement② work③ predicament

④ dilemma⑤ privilege

3. 다음 글을 읽고 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현을 고르시오.

On one occasion I needed to open a bottle of wine but had no corkscrew. The purpose of my thinking seemed to be: how can I get the cork out of the bottle? I tried various approaches without success. Then I shifted the problem: how can I get the cork out of the neck of the bottle? This led on to attempts to push the cork down into the bottle. This also failed. At this point I went back to the overall definition of the purpose: how can I _____________________? So, using a screwdriver, I made a central hole in the cork and poured out the wine through the hole.

① replace a corkscrew to make a hole

② carve an image in the cork

③ make the wine bottle empty

④ get the wine out of the bottle

⑤ obtain the best quality of the wine

4. 다음 글을 읽고 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현을 고르시오.

What is the first thing you say in the morning when you wake up? I can remember when I used to awaken in the morning and say with a groan, "____________________" And that is exactly the sort of day I would have, one thing after another going wrong. Now when I awaken and before I even open my eyes, I thank the bed for a good night's sleep.

① Oh god, another day. ② Let's call it a day.

③ What a wonderful day! ④ Alright, make my day.

⑤ It's been a long day.

5. 다음 글을 읽고 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현을 고르시오.

While looking for smugglers on Key Biscayne one night, I identified myself and asked a male passenger in a car that was stopped near a boat ramp if there were any firearms in their vehicle. The passenger said nothing as he leaned forward very quickly, enough to startle me, and opened the glove compartment of the car. All hell broke lose. I raised my service pistol with my right hand and yelled something like, "US Customs! Don't move! Don't move!" Fortunately, the young man froze just as he started to reach inside the glove compartment. I reached in and recovered a revolver from the glove compartment. Once I cleared the couple of any wrongdoing, my partner and I left the area after learning a very important lesson. Not everybody who owns a gun is a dirtbag. Some law abiding people simply don't realize _______________________________________________.

① that they are violating the state law.

② that their actions can appear threatening to the police.

③ that their guns may be illegally smuggled.

④ that they cannot park the car anywhere they want.

⑤ that many police officers are faster than them.

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1. 다음 글을 쓴 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

After seven years of construction, the new East Wing of the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., was finally opened in the public in 1978. Designed by I.M. Pei, the East Wing is probably the most expensive public building ever erected in the United States. Most of the $95 million that went into constructing it was donated by Paul Mellon and the Mellon Foundation. Interestingly enough, Paul’s father, Andrew Mellon, was the person who donated funds in the 1930’s to build what is now the main building of the National Gallery.

① To relate facts about the East Wing

② To describe how the East Wing was built

③ To show why the East Wing is expensive

④ To question the need for a public building like the East Wing

⑤ To honor those who contributed to the construction of the building

2. 다음 글의 어조로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is no such thing as a safe drug. Each medication is a double-edged sword, with a good side and a bad side. Successful medical treatment is a careful balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of medication, weighted, one hopes, in favor of the beneficial. Unfortunately, just the opposite is often the case. The original disease may be less of a problem than the reaction to treatment, and the old dictum "the cure was worse than the disease" has frequently been all to true.

① mildly disdainful② highly critical③ guardedly respectful④ somewhat offended

⑤ strongly supportive

3. 다음 글을 통해 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Although Galileo used a telescope in the early seventeenth century to make important discoveries about our solar system, his instrument had limitations - chiefly, distortion of the image. The first practical reflecting telescope was invented by Isaac Newton around 1670. By the close of the 1600s, there were a number of telescopic observatories. During the next two centuries, hundreds of stars were observed and catalogued. In 1838, Friedrich Bessel computed the distance of a star for the first time. Further studies and innovations helped astronomers to make detailed observations of the spectra, or white light, of stars, which was key to determining a star's chemical composition. In 1849, the first photos of stars were taken at an observatory in Boston.

① Galileo's findings should be disregarded.

② The rate of scientific discoveries has decreased in recent years.

③ Astronomy owes a great deal to technological innovation.

④ Photography revolutionized astronomical research.

⑤ Nineteenth-century astronomers made the most significant discoveries.

4. 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Regular tune-ups of your heating system will cut heating costs and will most likely increase the lifetime and safety of the system. When a service technician performs it, he or she should test the efficiency of your heating system both before and after servicing it and provide you with a copy of the results. _________________ is determined indirectly, based on some of the following tests: temperature of the flue or chimney, percent carbon dioxide or percent oxygen in the atmosphere, presence of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, and draft.

① Cleaning and tuning ② Safety deficiency

③ Combustion efficiency④ Implementation method

⑤ Installation of new equipment

5. 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Many young explorers have been awestruck by the beauty and magnificence of the highest mountain in North America, which the Athabascans of central Alaska call "The Great One". Denali towers above a chaotic display of ice, snow, and rock. Before 1903, no one had successfully reached the summit of Mount Mckinley. The region was remote; only a few mining roads gave explorers access ; equipment was ________________ for the laborious climb.

① burdensome and inadequate

② restrained and supervised

③ lightweight and plain

④ personalized and confidential

⑤ utilized and manipulated

6. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 공통으로 들어갈 수 있는 말을 고르시오.

Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both states of the U.S., they are different in many ways. For example, the physical size of each state is different. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000 square miles, (A)______ Rohde Island is only about a tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles. Another difference is in the size of the population of each state. Arizona has about four million people living in it, (B)______ Rhode Island has less than one million.

① similarly② likewise③ whereas

④ also⑤ nevertheless

7. 다음 글을 읽고 알 수 있는 두 사람의 관계는?

She was alone and still, gazing out to sea; and when she felt his presence and the worship of his eyes her eyes turned to him in quiet sufferance of his gaze, without shame or wantonness. Long, long she suffered his gaze and then quietly withdrew her eyes from his and bent them towards the stream, gently stirring the water with her foot hither and thither. The first faint noise of gently moving water broke the silence, low and faint and whispering, faint as the bells of sleep; hither and thither, hither and thither: and a faint flame trembled on her cheek.

① They are relatives.

② They are husband and wife.

③ They are strangers to each other.

④ They are best friends.

⑤ They are associates.

8. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The ground is full of seeds that cannot rise into seedlings; the seedlings rob one another of air, light and water, the strongest robber winning the day, and extinguishing his competitors. Year after year, the wild animals with which man never interferes are, on the average, neither more nor less numerous than they were; and yet we know that the annual produce of every pair is from one to perhaps a million young; so that it is mathematically certain that, on the average, as many are killed by natural causes as are born every year, and those only escape which happen to be a little better fitted to resist destruction than those which die. The individuals of a species are like the crew of a foundered ship, and none but good swimmers have a chance of reaching the land.

① Natural populations of animals in the wild increase in numbers exponentially.

② All members of a species are in violent competition with one another.

③ In the struggle to survive, the fittest survive.

④ Members of one generation of a population are all more or less alike.

⑤ Man’s interference destroys the natural balance.

9. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

There are some who complain of a man for doing nothing; there are some, still more mysterious and amazing, who complain of having nothing to do. When actually presented with some beautiful blank hours or days, they will grumble at their blankness. When given the gift of loneliness, which is gift of liberty, they will cast it away; they will destroy it deliberately with some dreadful game with cards or a little ball. I speak only for myself; I know it takes all sorts to make a world; but I cannot repress a shudder when I see them throwing away their hard-won holidays by doing something. For my own part, I never can get enough Nothing to do.

① A busy person is a happy person.

② People should enjoy doing nothing.

③ Leisure and loneliness are one and the same.

④ To do nothing is a terrible waste of time.

⑤ Every moment of life should be filled with meaningful activity.

10. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Americans are proud of their technological advancements, but technology often comes with a price. Consider the cordless phone, for example. Yes, it gives us freedom to move around. However, more often than not, these phones cross frequencies with other phones so that we hear other people's conversations, and they hear ours. What we gain in mobility we lose in privacy. The Internet is another example. it offers computer users almost limitless access to a staggering amount of information. However, users are so glued to their computer screens day and night that they no longer have a life away from their PCs.

① Freedom Road

② One Step Forward and Two Steps Back

③ Pros and Cons : Information High-way

④ Advances In Technology

⑤ Life Away From the Internet

11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The requirement that a person have a teaching degree from a four-year college means that talented, knowledgeable people cannot give what they have to offer, just because they have not taken a handful of teaching courses. Consider an accountant who already has the knowledge and talent to be a terrific teacher but cannot teach arithmetic without earning a teaching degree. Or what about a former U.S. Senator who knows the government inside out? That person cannot teach social studies without going back to school to earn a teaching degree. In both cases and countless more like them, people who could educate and inspire young people are prevented from doing so. This fact is particularly disturbing when you consider that they probably know more about math and government than some people with teaching degrees who are currently teaching math and social studies.

① No Degree Required

② Senators and Accountants Do Not Need Teaching Degrees

③ Knowledge Is Becoming a Casualty In Classrooms

④ Teaching Degrees = Talented Teacher!

⑤ Education Is In Trouble

12. AIDS에 관한 설명 중, 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는것은?

New evidence shows that the AIDS virus may not be as lethal as it has been thought to be and that some people may be able to develop a defense against it. The evidence involves an appreciable number of people who have been HIV positive for many years (some of them for twelve years or more). Lab tests show that the virus is present in their blood. But they have not developed any symptoms of AIDS. They continue to be in good health and show no signs of developing the disease. Some researchers estimate that as many as 5% of those infected by the virus may be in this category and that they will never develop the disease.

① Some people have been infected with the virus for a long time without showing any signs of the disease itself.

② People believe that AIDS is a fatal disease.

③ Some of those who carry AIDS virus can live more than twelve years.

④ About 5% of people infected by the AIDS virus will show no signs of disease.

⑤ AIDS brings instantaneous death.

13. 다음 글에서 필자가 강조하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Most citizens are very conscientious about observing a law when they can see the reason behind it. For instance, there has been very little need to actively enforce the recently-implemented law that increased the penalty for motorists caught leaving a gas station without paying for gas they had pumped into their vehicles. This is because citizens are very conscientious of the high cost of gasoline and they know that stealing gas will only further increase the price of gasoline for everyone.

① The increased penalty alone is a significant motivation for most citizens to obey the law.

② There are still too many inconsiderate citizens in the local community.

③ High gasoline prices can be brought down if everyone does his or her part and pays for the gasoline they use at the pumps.

④ Society should make an effort to teach citizens the reasons for its laws.

⑤ People would be more likely to speed on a stretch of deserted highway than to not pay for gasoline.

14. 빈 칸에 들어갈 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind.

Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy.

(A) By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood.

(B) These were predominantly locally available supplies.

(C) However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in the industrializing countries.

① (A) - (B) - (C)

② (B) - (C) - (A)

③ (B) - (A) - (C)

④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

15. 다음 글을 읽고 주어진 문장에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Although common animals could be studied and drawn from direct observation, this was not the traditional way in which medieval! artists learned how to draw their subjects. Much of the animal imagery was derived from secondary sources such as other manuscripts, popular folklore, textiles import!ed from the East, and ancient Greek and Roman art and literature. There was an unquestioning trust in the wisdom and authority of the ancients. In modern times, originality is a quality that is valued and encouraged, but in medieval! times, artists were lauded for faithful adherence to tradition rather than for innovation. Generally, artists were more concerned with achieving technical perfection than with enhancing their work with personal touches.

Medieval! artists' work could best be described as ______________.

① imitative② uninspired ③ original

④ unique⑤ innovative

16. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Of course in a democracy, there always is tension between the information that the Executive Branch needs to keep secret and the information that must be provided to the public to have an informed citizenry. There are no easy answers to striking the right balance. But we must always be vigilant against letting our desire to keep information confidential be used as a pretext for classifying information that is more about political embarrassment than national security. Let me be absolutely clear. This is not a propensity that is confined to one party or the other. It is a propensity of power that we must guard against.

① We should put an end to tension between the Executive Branch and the public.

②The Executive Branch must not keep the secrets solely for political reasons.

③ The political party to which people are opposed must stop withholding of information.

④ The public must stop insisting on the release of classified information.

⑤The public should be aware of the false information released by the Executive Branch.

17. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

With the influx of Cuban citizens into Miami in 1959, thousands of Spanish-speaking children enrolled in Florida's public schools. Since teachers had been among the professional groups that left Cuba, Florida schools had access to teachers who shared the language and culture of the new students. The school boards had to decide whether the children should learn English before entering school or whether education in both languages should be tried. Fortunately, the latter method was chosen. This event had a significant influence on the acceptance and growth of bilingual education in the United States.

① Florida's public schools were among the first in the country to offer bilingual education to Spanish-speaking children.

② School systems considering bilingual education programs would do well to model their programs after those used in the Miami public schools.

③ Bilingual education programs in Florida schools have been very successful and deserve more national recognition.

④ Florida school boards made the right choice when they decided in 1959 to offer bilingual education to Spanish-speaking children.

⑤ Bilingual education was revived in Florida in the 1960's because of an influx of Spanish-speaking students into the public schools.

18. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

In embarking on the fight for independence, America faced formidable obstacles. The Continental Congress did not have the authority to pass binding legislation or to impose taxes. The new nation had no army and no navy, and its population numbered only 2.5 million people, 20 percent of whom were slaves. Britain, by contrast, was a mighty power of 11 million people with the world's best navy and a well-disciplined army. Britain hired thirty thousand German soldiers to supplement its forces during the war.

① Britain was a great power whose population outnumbered that of America.

② America's military forces were less experienced than Britain's military.

③ America's Continental Congress had limited authority.

④ As America was about to engage in its struggle for autonomy, it was faced with arduous barriers.

⑤ America was a newly emerging nation which encountered difficulty of low population.

19. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말을 골라 짝지은 것으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Facts are objective, concrete bits of information. They can be found in official government and legal records, and in the physical sciences. Facts can be found in reference books, such as encyclopedias and atlases, textbooks, and (A) 《 remote / relevant》 publications. Objective facts are what researchers seek in laboratories or through controlled studies. Facts are usually expressed by (B) 《 vague / precise》 numbers or quantities, in weights and measures, and in (C) 《 concrete / abstract》 language. The decisions of Congress, specific technological data, birth records, historical documents, all provide researchers with reliable facts.

(A) (B) (C)

① relevant vague concrete

② relevant precise concrete

③ remote precise abstract

④ remote precise concrete

⑤ remote vague abstract

[ 20 ~ 21 ] 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Let us define acclimatization as the process in which an organism or a part of an organism becomes inured to an environment which is normally unsuitable to it or lethal for it. But the term should not be taken to include relatively rapid adjustments such as our sense organs are constantly making. This type of adjustment is commonly referred to by physiologists as "adaptation." Thus our touch sense soon becomes accustomed to the pressure of our clothes and we do not feel them; we soon fail to hear the ticking of a clock; obnoxious odors after a time fail to make much impression on us, and our eyes in strong light rapidly become insensitive. The fundamental fact about acclimatization is that all animals and plants have some capacity to adjust themselves to changes in their environment. This is one of the most remarkable characteristics of living organisms, a characteristic for which it is extremely difficult to find explanations.

20. 위 글에서 ‘acclimatization’과 ‘adaptation' 의 주요한 차이점은 무엇인가?

① Acclimatization is more important than adaptation.

② Acclimatization is relatively slow and adaptation is relatively rapid.

③ Acclimatization applies to adjustments while adaptation does not apply to adjustments.

④ Acclimatization applies to mammals and adaptation to aquatic animals.

⑤ Acclimatization is applicable to all animals and plants and adaptation only to higher animals and man.

21. 글의 내용으로 보아 ‘acclimatization process'라 할 수 없는것은?

① an ocean fish placed in a lake

② a skin diver making a deep dive

③ an airplane pilot making a high-altitude flight

④ a businessman moving from Denver, Colorado, to New Orleans, Louisiana

⑤ a person going from daylight into a darkened room

22. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 This disease가 가리키는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Millions of Americans are suffering from a disease that, although it has reached epidemic proportions, is not even recognized by the American Medical Association. This diseasedoes not attack the muscles or bones, and it doesn't leave its victims bedridden or physically deformed. It doesn't limit itself to a specific age : Children, teenagers, and adults are frequent victims. It can turn a smiling, normal person into a howling siren or a crying baby in a matter of minutes. The illness I speak of is the gimmies, a group of related diseases characterized by uncontrollable expression!s of desire and demands for immediate gratification.

① an epidemic destroying America

② the crippling of children, teens, and adults

③ a gimmick of the American Medical Association

④ a disease which causes bone deformity

⑤ an illness which prevents the control of desires and demands

23. 다음 글에 나타난 필자의 생각으로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is early summer. August's long-awaited vacation time still seems ages away but its torpor-producing heat and mildew-generating humidity have not yet arrived. Instead, these cool, end-of-June days practically insist on getting the picnic season under way immediately. But, alas, there is a difficulty: alfresco dining has a bad name among us. Tenth-rate hot dogs, carbonized chicken parts, and beef a-la-charcoal are principally what comes to mind when we hear the words "outdoor food".

① Picnicking in August is long-awaited.

② August is better than June for a picnic.

③ There are some negative aspects to eating outside.

④ Picnicking is better alfresco.

⑤ Vacations always begin in early summer.

24. 다음 글을 읽고, 빈칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The plant I work in five days of every week is _________________. Everywhere I look, there are strips of peeling green paint, revealing the dingy gray underneath. The gloom is highlighted by bright gold sparks welders throw as they fuse cold steel. To the right of my work area, three men (more like robots) hang parts like garments on moving clothesline conveyors. They don't smile, and they don't talk. They just work. Behind the robot-men, hoses swell like arteries as they pump the foul-smelling lacquer paint to sprayers that change dingy gray metal to various colors. To my left, gray metal desks roll down a conveyor toward more robot-men, who wrap them in plastic.

① extremely exciting

② very dark

③ extremely depressing

④ very dangerous

⑤ unusually revealing

25. 다음 글이 시사하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the country felt flush. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. It's simple invisibility, because of increasing geographic, occupational,

① You can't see the forest because of the trees.

② Out of sight, out of mind.

③ One man's garbage is another man's treasure.

④ See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.

⑤ The grass is always greener on the other side.

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빈칸

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경대 모의고사 25제

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