학습지원센터
[편입] 2005년 2학기 인하대학교 기출문제 및 정답
등록일 2007.01.06
조회 2,867
05-2인하대
1. What does the underlined they refer to? [1점]
A pedicab is a small cab that is pulled by a bicycle. This human-powered transportation has been popular in Asian countries for many years. Two years ago, a local businessman decided to introduce it in Denver, Colorado. So far, he has four of them on the road. He explained that they do not take the place of taxis because people use them for short rides. The passengers are often people who don’t want to walk because they are dressed in evening clothes.
ⓐ pedicabs ⓑ bicycles ⓒ passengers ⓓ businessmen
2. Which tone does the passage illustrate? [1점]
Somewhere around midterm, almost every student feels like saying, “I just can’t learn anything else. My brain is full!” Well, don’t give up so easily―your brain has more room than you think. Scientists believe that memories are stored in the part of the brain called the cerebrum. If you were to store ten bits of information each second of your life, by your one-hundredth birthday, your memory-storage area would be only half full. So the next time you feel your brain is about to short-circuit, take a break and then come back to those books, knowing you’ve got plenty of room in your head for more learning.
ⓐ ironic ⓑ encouraging ⓒ admiring ⓓ puzzled
3. Which of the following is NOT the result of the food survey?
Americans say they are very concerned about nutrition. However, a food survey conducted recently shows that although fifty-eight percent of those surveyed believe fat in food is a serious health problem, only thirty-five percent say they are doing all they can to eat a balanced diet. A great majority admit they eat between meals. The top-selling snack food in America is potato chips. The No. 1 snack from vending machines is the Snickers candy bar.
ⓐ About sixty percent of the people worry about fat in food for their health.
ⓑ Most of the people surveyed enjoy snacks between meals.
ⓒ Less than forty percent of the people strive to have a balanced meal.
ⓓ More than fifty percent of the people are on a diet.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage? [1점]
I was married two years ago at age 20, and the first year was heavenly. Gregory, my husband, was helpful and supportive in every way possible. However, about a year ago, I noticed that he was beginning to change. Whenever he came home, he told me how busy he was at work and how exhausted he was. I was sympathetic, so I told him to relax, watch TV, or take a nap before dinner. After a few months of this, I noticed that he had almost completely stopped doing any work around the house. He was coming home and expecting me to wait on him constantly. I also work full time, so the strain of my job plus all of the responsibilities around the house is exhausting. I really don’t know how much longer I can do this. Please tell me what I can do to return to marriage heaven.
ⓐ To seek a divorce ⓑ To request advice
ⓒ To ask for a date ⓓ To propose to marry
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
“Everywhere we go, even back in the Midwest, you hear Gilbert all the time,” says Karen Breeden, who moved to the Phoenix suburb, Arizona last week from South Bend, Indiana, with her husband and two children. “People come here because there are good jobs, it’s pretty affordable, and it offers lots for the families, too,” she said. Gilbert, Arizona topped the list of fastest-growing cities with at least 100,000 people, according to Census Bureau figures being released on Thursday. The numbers show new residents flocking to midsize cities in Florida, Arizona, Nevada and California. Hurt by skyrocketing housing prices, people are leaving San Francisco, Boston and other large cities in droves. Gilbert grew by more than 46,000 people, or 42 percent, to just over 156,000 residents in a little over four years.
ⓐ Lots of new houses are under construction in large cities.
ⓑ San Francisco and Boston are among the fastest-growing cities in the US.
ⓒ The population in Gilbert has been sharply decreased in recent years.
ⓓ People move from large cities to midsize cities because of housing costs.
[6-7] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
In a business context, body language can be particularly important, especially if you are trying to sell a product. Many successful businesses give advice to companies and their employees on body language that is associated with successful salesmanship and how to read clients’ body language. When you first meet a client, for example, it is best to use open gestures. Outward and upward movements of your hands create a positive feeling, and putting the fingertips of one hand against the fingertips of the other conveys confidence. Clasping your hands behind your head as you lean back in a chair can suggest arrogance and may turn away prospective clients. Placing your hands on each side of your waist shows confidence and attracts others. For men, unbuttoning a suit jacket will signify an open attitude that you’re willing to talk or negotiate. Taking off your jacket is really powerful. And rolling up your shirtsleeves suggests you are ready to discuss the final price.
6. What is the best title of the passage?
ⓐ Tips for Clients in Business
ⓑ Physical Exercises for Employees
ⓒ Body Language in Business
ⓓ Nonverbal Communication among Employees
7. Which of the following is interpreted as negative salesmanship according to the passage?
ⓐ Putting the fingertips of one hand against the fingertips of the other hand
ⓑ Clasping hands behind head and leaning back in a chair
ⓒ Placing hands on each side of waist
ⓓ Unbuttoning or taking off a suit jacket
[8-9] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Most of us think that childhood is a happy, carefree time of life. We don’t pay much attention to children’s complaints. We say, “He’ll get over it,” or “She’s just pouting to get attention.” We ignore the child to try to discourage the behavior. We scold or lecture. We offer meaningless platitudes like, “You’ll feel better tomorrow,” and “Everything will be all right.” Sometimes we try to distract an unhappy child with candy or television. What we don’t do is take our children seriously.
While many problems are minor and temporary, some are symptoms of something more serious. Children get depressed, just as adults do. The depressed child may appear sad, tired, and apathetic. Behavior problems, eating disorders, and difficulty with schoolwork are other symptoms. Instead of punishment or benign neglect, the child suffering from depression needs professional treatment.
8. We might conclude from the passage that .
ⓐ ignoring, scolding, and lecturing are not helpful treatments for childhood depression
ⓑ a growing number of children suffer from depression
ⓒ children’s behavior problems are always related to depression
ⓓ most children suffer from depression at some time because adults do not care enough about children
9. According to the passage, depressed children .
ⓐ are victims of poor parenting
ⓑ take behavior problems seriously
ⓒ need understanding and love most of all
ⓓ may have symptoms like sadness, apathy, and school problems
[10-12] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Ants are social insects. This means that they live in a group called a colony and that each ant has a job to do to help the whole group survive. Ants must live in a colony; an ant cannot survive alone.
You will find three kinds of ants in a typical colony. There is one queen, who lays eggs. There are winged males. The males develop from unfertilized eggs. Their role is to mate with the queen, after which they die. There are workers. Most of the ants in a colony are worker ants. They are females who cannot lay eggs. Instead, they find food and sometimes fight to help the colony.
Ants are usually helpful to humans. Their underground tunneling mixes and enriches the soil. In some places ants turn more earth than earthworms. Ants spread plant seeds and feed on dead insects and other animals. Many ant species eat insects that are crop pests.
One species, the leaf-cutting ant, harms farmers’ crops in Texas and Louisiana. Large leaf-cutting worker ants carry big pieces of leaves to the ant colony. There the smaller workers chop the leaves into tiny bits. The smallest worker ants transplant small pieces of fungus to the bits of leaves. The fungus then grows on the leaves, and the ants use the fungus for food.
10. All of the following activities performed by ants are helpful to humans except .
ⓐ enriching the soil ⓑ feeding on dead animals
ⓒ cutting leaves ⓓ eating crop pests
11. Which of the following human behaviors is most similar to the behavior of the leaf-cutting worker ants?
ⓐ following a political system with a king and a queen
ⓑ performing tasks one after another on an assembly line
ⓒ raising crops
ⓓ maintaining an army
12. What is the most important contribution worker ants make to the life of the colony?
ⓐ feeding other members of the colony
ⓑ enriching the soil
ⓒ spreading plant seeds near the colony
ⓓ eating crop pests
13. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
The Recreational Equipment Inc. (REI) flagship store in Seattle is a mecca for hard-core outdoor enthusiasts. There are 30 types of sleeping bags and 16 different ice axes. Rock climbers can try 20 types of shoes on a 65-foot climbing wall. REI Chief Executive Sally Jewell darts past these and other items designed for hard-core athletes and grabs the store’s latest bestseller: a hollow, hard-plastic soccer ball that, when filled with the right ingredients and booted around a campsite, churns out ice cream. The $30 Camper’s Ice Cream Maker is scarcely the sort of thing Lloyd and Mary Anderson had in mind when they started REI with 21 of their pals as a consumer cooperative in 1938. These serious climbers were not after profits but simply after an economical way to get their hands on European mountain gear not easily found in the US.
ⓐ REI is trying to sell more goods to hard-core athletes.
ⓑ Lloyd and Mary Anderson are REI’s chief executives.
ⓒ REI shoppers love to buy the Camper’s ice cream maker.
ⓓ Sally Jewell founded REI in Seattle.
14. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
An advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded three widely used asthma medications should remain in use despite concerns that they might be linked to rare cases of life-threatening asthma attacks. Separately, the FDA pulled a controversial painkiller from the market yesterday based on the results of a company study that revealed it could cause serious side effects, even death, when mixed with alcoholic beverages. The drug’s label had included a caution that it not be mixed with alcohol after the company discovered an alcohol interaction. But more problems cropped up in a research study the company conducted after the drug’s approval last September.
ⓐ The asthma drugs are devoid of side effects.
ⓑ The painkiller’s benefits outweighed its risks.
ⓒ Experts decided withdrawal of asthma drugs.
ⓓ Side effects lead the FDA to bar sale of the painkiller.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
In many of the industrialized countries, the population is aging. That is, the average age of the population is older than it was twenty years ago. This fact has encouraged many businesses to develop products and services for older customers. In the medical industry, for example, new medicines and technologies are being developed especially for the health problems of older people. The tourist industry also offers services for the elderly, including special transportation and health services, and trips organized for groups of older people. And finally, there are many different kinds of products designed for the needs of the elderly. These include everything from shoes and shampoos to magazines and furniture.
ⓐ With the population aging, many businesses have developed products and services for older customers.
ⓑ In the industrialized countries, the average age of the population is older than it was twenty years ago.
ⓒ The medical industry is developing new medicines and technology for the health problems of the elderly.
ⓓ The elderly tend to spend most of their income getting health services and medicines.
16. What is the topic of the passage?
Familarity with words in a given language influences speech processing. The higher the frequency of a word, the higher its probability of being correctly recognized. This is because high-frequency words have increased lexical strength due to repetition; little-used items will tend to fade in strength and grow more difficult to access. Also, type frequency (as opposed to token frequency) is an important determinant of productivity. The relative acceptability of nonsense words with occurring and nonoccurring phonotactic patterns has been shown to be based on the distribution of the patterns in the lexicon; patterns with high type frequency are judged by listeners to be more acceptable.
ⓐ role of frequency in speech processing
ⓑ word processing under predictability
ⓒ difference between type and token frequency
ⓓ importance of repetition through practice
17. What is the best title of the passage?
At one hospital in Dallas, four people died from rabies, an unheard-of level of incidence of this rare disease. As it turned out, each patient was infected by an organ or tissue― a kidney, a liver, an artery―that he or she received in a transplant several weeks earlier. Their shared donor had rabies, caught apparently through a bite from a rabid bat, something the surgeons never suspected. They all thought he had suffered a fatal crack-cocaine overdose, which can produce symptoms similar to those of rabies. Since the rabies deaths, recriminations have flown, procedural reviews have begun and sorrow and regret have dogged the families of the organ recipients. But the outbreak also exposed a controversy that until then was roiling only the rarefied world of transplant specialists. The issue, although freighted with monetary and bio-ethical complexities, can be one deceptively simple question. Should transplant surgeons be using organs from nearly anyone?
ⓐ Outcry against Buying Organs
ⓑ Transplant, as a Last Resort
ⓒ Transplant, a Medical Revolution?
ⓓ Will Any Organ Do?
[18-23] Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate expressions.
18. Have you ever thought about yawning? Yawning is a surprisingly powerful act. Just because you read the word “yawning” in the previous two sentences―and the two additional “yawns” in this sentence―a good number of you will probably yawn within the next few minutes. Even as I’m writing this, I’ve yawned twice. If you’re reading this in a public place, and you’ve just yawned, chances are that a good proportion of everyone who saw you yawn is now yawning too, and a good proportion of the people watching the people who watched you yawn are now yawning as well, and on and on, in an ever-widening, yawning circle. Thus yawning is incredibly .
ⓐ instantaneous ⓑ autonomous
ⓒ contagious ⓓ adjacent
19. [1점]
Diane had never given blood before, but the sign on the dorm bulletin board said, “We need blood to help save lives,” and Diane told herself, “I should do it. I could help out.” After making the initial decision, Diane felt a surge of apprehension. “Will it hurt?” she wondered. A mental image formed of a needle entering her vein and being drawn out, and she felt a mounting fear. Nevertheless, she headed for the Bloodmobile.
ⓐ pain ⓑ blood
ⓒ muscle ⓓ nerve
20. [1점]
Americans made more than 50,000 trips to a hospital or doctor’s office for a luggage-related mishap in 2003. This year, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, whose members see a lot of travelers on their examining tables, has for the first time issued for safety toting all that baggage. Among the tips: Use your knees. Stand alongside your suitcase and bend your knees when lifting it. Using your leg muscles will help spare those in your back. Roll your own. Choose suitcases with wheels and several handles. Wheels will lighten the load, and having several handles will make bags easier to grasp.
ⓐ guidelines ⓑ prescriptions
ⓒ certificates ⓓ warrants
21.
Does parenting actually matter when it comes to kids’ test scores? Yes, don’t worry. Parents do influence children’s test scores, but . If parents are high earners, well educated and out of their 20s, for example, their children will do better, according to Department of Education statistics. Staying home with the kids and carting them off to museums, however, has little effect.
ⓐ what is more important is how they love their children
ⓑ what they do is less important than who they are
ⓒ what they do is less important than who their children are
ⓓ what they do is more important than their children’s scores
22.
Want to make it in the movie business but feel deterred by the cutthroat competition? Then head to Bombay. As the world’s most prolific film industry, with up to a hundred movies being shot at any one time, Bollywood is always especially short of foreign extras. Unless you have some training, dancing parts are probably a step too far. But even the most should be able to find parts in the epic crowd scenes that are a hallmark of the industry. If you’re a blond woman or can play the part of, say, a merciless colonial Brit, you might just find yourself in a more substantial role. To get your big break, take a taxi to the scores of lots at Film City on the northern outskirts and simply ask around.
ⓐ keen-witted ⓑ good-natured ⓒ leaden-footed ⓓ ill-tempered
23.
Today the word “schizophrenia” brings to mind such a name as John Nash. Nash, the subject of Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind, emerged as a mathematical prodigy but he became so profoundly disturbed by the brain disorder in young adulthood that he lost his academic career and floundered for years before recovering. The experience of Nash is typical in some ways but atypical in others. Of the roughly 1 percent of the world’s population stricken with schizophrenia, most remain largely disabled throughout adulthood. Rather than being geniuses like Nash, many show below-average intelligence even before they become symptomatic and then undergo a further decline in IQ when the illness sets in, typically during young adulthood. , only a minority ever achieve gainful employment.
ⓐ In particular ⓑ Unfortunately
ⓒ Alternatively ⓓ By contrast
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Is sleep to refresh the mind? That’s closer to the mark. The brain benefits from a good night’s sleep. One theory is that sleep allows the brain to review and consolidate all the streams of information it gathered while awake. Another suggests that we sleep in order to allow the brain to stock up on fuel and flush out wastes. A third theory, which has been gaining currency, is that sleep operates in some mysterious way to help you master various skills, such as how to play the piano and ride a bike.
ⓐ Benefits from a good night’s sleep vary among people.
ⓑ Our body needs more sleep than our brain does.
ⓒ No agreement is made about what form the benefit of sleep takes.
ⓓ The quality of sleep is irrelevant to the amount of sleep.
25. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Conventional wisdom has long held that mammals spent millions of years in Darwinian limbo. As long as dinosaurs roamed the earth, our distant ancestors never got to be much more than cringing, shrewlike creatures that slinked out at night to nibble timorously on plants and insects when the terrible lizards were asleep. Only when a rogue comet wiped the dinosaurs out, went the story, did mammals begin to earn a little evolutionary respect. But that picture changed dramatically last week with the announcement in Nature of one impressive fossil. A brand-new species dubbed Repenomamus giganticus demolishes the notion that most dinosaur-age mammals were never larger than squirrels. “This discovery was the chance of a lifetime,” says Jin Meng, a co-author of the paper. “We can’t expect to find a thing like this again.”
ⓐ Repenomamus giganticus is at least as large as a squirrel.
ⓑ The evolution of early mammals is one of the scientific mysteries.
ⓒ There is no scientific proof that dinosaur-age mammals are timid.
ⓓ Jin Meng’s finding suggests more species would have existed in the dinosaur age than we have thought.
[26-27] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
When modern farming methods were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s, people believed they were the answer to world food shortages. Over the next few decades, food production did increase dramatically. However, the modern methods did not solve the problem of hunger―over a billion people still go hungry everyday―and they created many other serious environmental problems. According to modern methods, farmers plant only one crop in large quantities and use only the new “improved” seed types. These seeds require farmers to use lots of chemical fertilizers to make the seeds grow and chemical pesticides to kill harmful insects. They also require farmers to irrigate with lots of water. Farmers and scientists now realize that these methods may raise production immediately, but they have negative effects in the long term. For example, planting the same crop repeatedly and using lots of chemical fertilizers makes the soil unproductive. Also the farming of very large, open fields results in the loss of valuable top soil.
26. The passage is concerned mainly with .
ⓐ seriousness of world food shortages
ⓑ increased use of fertilizers
ⓒ problems of modern farming methods
ⓓ unproductivity of modern farming methods
27. According to the modern farming methods, farmers .
ⓐ do not need to irrigate their crops
ⓑ usually plant many different crops
ⓒ have to plant lots of seeds
ⓓ need to use lots of chemicals
Nearly every major city in the world provides some form of public transportation.28. Choose the best order from [A] through [D] for a paragraph starting with the sentence in the box.
[A] The most common form of public transportation is the bus which has been in use in major cities since approximately 1900.
[B] Also special busses can be chartered for trips to the mountains, to lakes, and to nearby places of historical interests.
[C] This is necessary not only for visitors to the city, but also to provide citizens with low-cost transportation and to help reduce the traffic on streets and highways.
[D] In some cities, the city bus system offers free “mini-bus”service as a convenience to shoppers in the downtown business district.
ⓐ [A]-[C]-[B]-[D] ⓑ [C]-[B]-[D]-[A]
ⓒ [A]-[D]-[C]-[B] ⓓ [C]-[A]-[B]-[D]
At the center of Banks Peninsula about 25 miles from Christchurch, Akaroa is on a finger-shaped bay that was once the crater of a volcano. 29. Choose the best order from [A] through [D] for a paragraph starting with the sentence in the box. [2점]
[A] Langlois’s recruits arrived in Akaroa Harbor after their voyage half way around the world to find a British flag.
[B] In 1838, a whaling captain named Jean-François Langlois considered the location a good place to start what he hoped would be a French colony, and returned to Europe
to recruit settlers.
[C] They stayed anyway, and were soon joined by immigrants from Britain and elsewhere.
[D] But while the French pioneers were preparing their expedition, the British signed the Treaty of Waitangi with Maori leaders, assuming sovereignty of New Zealand.
ⓐ [A]-[B]-[C]-[D] ⓑ [B]-[D]-[A]-[C]
ⓒ [B]-[C]-[D]-[A] ⓓ [D]-[B]-[A]-[C]
30. Choose the one which is NOT necessary in the followingparagraph.
Even beyond the world video games, Microsoft is looking a tiny bit peaked. You wouldn’t want to say that it’s vulnerable, but last quarter Microsoft missed its earnings estimates by a whisker. [A]Open-source gadflies like Linux and Firefox are chipping away at its market share in small but irritating ways. [B]Google is making scary noises and hiring away its talent. [C]Microsoft is known more for its bullying business tactics than its technological innovation. [D]Apple is winning rave reviews for its new operating system Tiger, which incorporates features that Microsoft was planning for the next version of Windows. Microsoft isn’t going out of business anytime soon, but if it were going to hit a home run, now would be a really great time to do it.
ⓐ [A] ⓑ [B] ⓒ [C] ⓓ [D]
[31-33] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
No one, as Sally Farber, the main character of Lisa Grunwald’s novel Whatever Makes You Happy, notes, quarrels about what anger means, or sadness, or envy. “But happiness is .” Farber, 40, has had no trouble writing books on The History of Anger, The History of Jealousy and even The History of Love, but she’s hung up on writing the biography of happiness. Two kids running into the bedroom “like bright, sharp arrows,” a “tidy, perfect, kitchen drawer” of a husband plus a book contract, and still, for Sally, happiness lies around the corner.
Farber decides early on that happiness is a matter of temperament, not circumstances. It “has less to do with what people have than with what they think they want,” she says. After all, for much of history, happiness as an end in itself has been as strange a notion as suffering as an end in itself. Then why is happiness so much harder to access than simple depression?
A tale of a woman approaching middle age who doesn’t know exactly what she wants (because she secretly knows that what she wants is irresponsibility) sounds like familiar stuff. But Grunwald tells the story with a wit―a bride wears an “expression of tranquilized charm”―that never quite conceals the sting of wisdom just below. Perhaps it’s no surprise that by the end of her well-turned and winning tale, we see and feel, as Farber does, that the pursuit of happiness is really nothing more than a recipe for misery.
31. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank?
[2점]
ⓐ an end ⓑ a temperament ⓒ a circumstance ⓓ a glimmer
32. Which of the following is true according to the passage? [2점]
ⓐ Lisa Grunwald wrote books on the history of anger, jealousy, and love.
ⓑ Sally Farber pursues happiness in Whatever Makes You Happy.
ⓒ The History of Love is about Lisa Grunwald’s memoir of her life.
ⓓ In Whatever Makes You Happy, Sally Farber’s books were turned down by publishers.
33. What is the author’s attitude toward Whatever Makes You Happy?
ⓐ positive ⓑ ambiguous
ⓒ critical ⓓ anxious
34. Which element does NOT attract students to the commercial schools according to the passage?
In recent audits, the state comptroller’s office found more problems with commercial schools. In audits of four degree-granting schools in the past year, the comptroller found that irregularities in financial aid grants were more than eight times higher at the two commercial schools studied than at the public college and the private nonprofit college that it also reviewed. Nonetheless, more and more college students are attracted by the career-oriented education these schools typically offer, as well as by their often relaxed admissions policies and their consumer-oriented focus. Students are also drawn by the aggressive advertising that many employ. In New York City, for example, it is hard to miss their splashy campaigns in newspapers and on buses and subway cars offering quick degrees, generous financial aid and job placement.
ⓐ career-oriented programs
ⓑ relaxed admissions
ⓒ high quality of education
ⓓ aggressive advertising
[35-36] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
For the past 23 years India’s GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 6%, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. The growth rate may have been lower than that of China’s, but it is double that achieved by the West during the Industrial Revolution. As a result, India’s middle class has more than tripled in size to 250 million people. While the number of the rich has certainly grown, about 1% of the poor have crossed the poverty line each year. Pervasive upward mobility may help explain why India is reasonably free of social resentment.
In the past, Indians did not accord a high place to making money. Traditionally, the merchant was placed third in the four-caste hierarchy. But since the economic reforms, making money has become increasingly respectable and India is in the midst of a social revolution rivaled, perhaps, only by the ascent of Japan’s merchant class after the Meiji Restoration. Many of those associated with the old economy have also done well of late. But India Inc. is no longer run by a handful of families. For decades, socialist policies suppressed economic growth and middle-class opportunities. Yet if the present rate of growth continues, India should reach Aristotle’s ideal by 2025, when the middle class will be 50% of the population. Middle-class mobility and new meritocratic wealth have made inequality more acceptable. .
35. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank?
ⓐ Economic reforms have left the poor behind, but there is no shortage of policies that could help.
ⓑ Simple thinking and high living would be a more likely maxim today.
ⓒ In India today, the rich no longer excite envy but hope and aspiration.
ⓓ Political democracy cannot succeed where there is no social or economic democracy.
36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
ⓐ In recent years, India has become the fastest-growing economy in the world.
ⓑ The gains of economic growth in India have been largely captured by the privileged.
ⓒ The gap between the rich and the poor in India becomes greater than before.
ⓓ The recent economic growth in India seems to give the middle class more opportunities.
37. Which is the best place for the sentence in the box to complete the paragraph below? [2점]
Moreover, Australia is grabbing market share.
Pity the French wine industry. Since entering the new century on a high with one of the most hyped Bordeaux vintages in two decades, nothing has gone its way. French wine consumption, while tops in the world, has slipped 10% since 1999, according to Vinexpo/ISWR. [A] By 2008 look for it to fall another 7% as younger French drinkers switch to beer and spirits for their joie de vivre. [B] The export picture is ugly, too. [C] There has been a three-year decline in sales in the US, France’s second-biggest export market, partly because of the backlash to France’s stance in the Iraq war. And the euro’s strength has made bottles pricier for loyal drinkers elsewhere. [D] “The competition is bigger and bigger,” says François Lurton, of Jacques & François Lurton, a wine company in Varyes, France.
ⓐ [A] ⓑ [B]
ⓒ [C] ⓓ [D]
[38-40] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The Fat Duck, Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant in Bray, 40 minutes west of London, was named best in the world by trade title Restaurant magazine last month, and if anything, the acclaim is a few years behind that accorded by his peers. “I have never eaten at the Fat Duck nor met him,” says master chef Mario Batali. “But I am fascinated with his use of science to create provocative food.”
Blumenthal opened the Fat Duck in an old pub in 1995, but it didn’t take off until he asked himself, ? “All the books said it was a must, but I couldn’t figure out why,” says Blumenthal. With no cooking mentors to rely on, he cold-called Oxford University molecular-gastronomy pioneer Nicholas Kurti, only to learn that Kurti had died in 1998. So Blumenthal got the list of participants at Kurti’s annual food-science conference and rang Peter Barham, a physicist at the University of Bristol. “The answer is that green beans don’t need salted water,” says Barham. “Heston had figured this out, but he didn’t have the confidence he has now. Having a scientist tell him made it OK.”
With astonishing speed and obsessiveness, Blumenthal created a circle of foodie physicists and chemists and applied their wisdom to the kitchen. Barham exposed him to lab-equipment catalogs. Tom Coultate, a retired food biochemist from South Bank University, explained advanced gelling agents (used in the restaurant’s tea, almond and quail jellies). Anthony Blake, a vice president of Firmenich, a Swiss fragrance and flavor company, was most influential. “The first time I went to Geneva,” says Blumenthal, “Tony showed me thousands of flavor molecules and extracts in little jars. I was in heaven.” By sampling molecules and learning the chemical connections between them, Blumenthal was freed to go off on the creative jags he calls “flavor pairings.”
38. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank? [2점]
ⓐ Why do chickens have to be deep-fried in a pan about two-thirds full of oil
ⓑ Why does fish have to be put in water just under the boiling point
ⓒ Why do green beans have to be boiled in salted water
ⓓ Why does meat have to be slow-cooked at 58℃
39. Which is a correct statement about Blumenthal?
ⓐ He is one of the youngest chefs in the world.
ⓑ He has used science to make new tastes.
ⓒ He created a new field of molecular-gastronomy.
ⓓ He is involved in an emerging school of cooking.
40. Who has made the greatest contribution to Blumenthal’s flavor pairings?
ⓐ Anthony Blake
ⓑ Tom Coultate
ⓒ Peter Barham
ⓓ Nicholas Kurti
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1. What does the underlined they refer to? [1점]
A pedicab is a small cab that is pulled by a bicycle. This human-powered transportation has been popular in Asian countries for many years. Two years ago, a local businessman decided to introduce it in Denver, Colorado. So far, he has four of them on the road. He explained that they do not take the place of taxis because people use them for short rides. The passengers are often people who don’t want to walk because they are dressed in evening clothes.
ⓐ pedicabs ⓑ bicycles ⓒ passengers ⓓ businessmen
2. Which tone does the passage illustrate? [1점]
Somewhere around midterm, almost every student feels like saying, “I just can’t learn anything else. My brain is full!” Well, don’t give up so easily―your brain has more room than you think. Scientists believe that memories are stored in the part of the brain called the cerebrum. If you were to store ten bits of information each second of your life, by your one-hundredth birthday, your memory-storage area would be only half full. So the next time you feel your brain is about to short-circuit, take a break and then come back to those books, knowing you’ve got plenty of room in your head for more learning.
ⓐ ironic ⓑ encouraging ⓒ admiring ⓓ puzzled
3. Which of the following is NOT the result of the food survey?
Americans say they are very concerned about nutrition. However, a food survey conducted recently shows that although fifty-eight percent of those surveyed believe fat in food is a serious health problem, only thirty-five percent say they are doing all they can to eat a balanced diet. A great majority admit they eat between meals. The top-selling snack food in America is potato chips. The No. 1 snack from vending machines is the Snickers candy bar.
ⓐ About sixty percent of the people worry about fat in food for their health.
ⓑ Most of the people surveyed enjoy snacks between meals.
ⓒ Less than forty percent of the people strive to have a balanced meal.
ⓓ More than fifty percent of the people are on a diet.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage? [1점]
I was married two years ago at age 20, and the first year was heavenly. Gregory, my husband, was helpful and supportive in every way possible. However, about a year ago, I noticed that he was beginning to change. Whenever he came home, he told me how busy he was at work and how exhausted he was. I was sympathetic, so I told him to relax, watch TV, or take a nap before dinner. After a few months of this, I noticed that he had almost completely stopped doing any work around the house. He was coming home and expecting me to wait on him constantly. I also work full time, so the strain of my job plus all of the responsibilities around the house is exhausting. I really don’t know how much longer I can do this. Please tell me what I can do to return to marriage heaven.
ⓐ To seek a divorce ⓑ To request advice
ⓒ To ask for a date ⓓ To propose to marry
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
“Everywhere we go, even back in the Midwest, you hear Gilbert all the time,” says Karen Breeden, who moved to the Phoenix suburb, Arizona last week from South Bend, Indiana, with her husband and two children. “People come here because there are good jobs, it’s pretty affordable, and it offers lots for the families, too,” she said. Gilbert, Arizona topped the list of fastest-growing cities with at least 100,000 people, according to Census Bureau figures being released on Thursday. The numbers show new residents flocking to midsize cities in Florida, Arizona, Nevada and California. Hurt by skyrocketing housing prices, people are leaving San Francisco, Boston and other large cities in droves. Gilbert grew by more than 46,000 people, or 42 percent, to just over 156,000 residents in a little over four years.
ⓐ Lots of new houses are under construction in large cities.
ⓑ San Francisco and Boston are among the fastest-growing cities in the US.
ⓒ The population in Gilbert has been sharply decreased in recent years.
ⓓ People move from large cities to midsize cities because of housing costs.
[6-7] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
In a business context, body language can be particularly important, especially if you are trying to sell a product. Many successful businesses give advice to companies and their employees on body language that is associated with successful salesmanship and how to read clients’ body language. When you first meet a client, for example, it is best to use open gestures. Outward and upward movements of your hands create a positive feeling, and putting the fingertips of one hand against the fingertips of the other conveys confidence. Clasping your hands behind your head as you lean back in a chair can suggest arrogance and may turn away prospective clients. Placing your hands on each side of your waist shows confidence and attracts others. For men, unbuttoning a suit jacket will signify an open attitude that you’re willing to talk or negotiate. Taking off your jacket is really powerful. And rolling up your shirtsleeves suggests you are ready to discuss the final price.
6. What is the best title of the passage?
ⓐ Tips for Clients in Business
ⓑ Physical Exercises for Employees
ⓒ Body Language in Business
ⓓ Nonverbal Communication among Employees
7. Which of the following is interpreted as negative salesmanship according to the passage?
ⓐ Putting the fingertips of one hand against the fingertips of the other hand
ⓑ Clasping hands behind head and leaning back in a chair
ⓒ Placing hands on each side of waist
ⓓ Unbuttoning or taking off a suit jacket
[8-9] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Most of us think that childhood is a happy, carefree time of life. We don’t pay much attention to children’s complaints. We say, “He’ll get over it,” or “She’s just pouting to get attention.” We ignore the child to try to discourage the behavior. We scold or lecture. We offer meaningless platitudes like, “You’ll feel better tomorrow,” and “Everything will be all right.” Sometimes we try to distract an unhappy child with candy or television. What we don’t do is take our children seriously.
While many problems are minor and temporary, some are symptoms of something more serious. Children get depressed, just as adults do. The depressed child may appear sad, tired, and apathetic. Behavior problems, eating disorders, and difficulty with schoolwork are other symptoms. Instead of punishment or benign neglect, the child suffering from depression needs professional treatment.
8. We might conclude from the passage that .
ⓐ ignoring, scolding, and lecturing are not helpful treatments for childhood depression
ⓑ a growing number of children suffer from depression
ⓒ children’s behavior problems are always related to depression
ⓓ most children suffer from depression at some time because adults do not care enough about children
9. According to the passage, depressed children .
ⓐ are victims of poor parenting
ⓑ take behavior problems seriously
ⓒ need understanding and love most of all
ⓓ may have symptoms like sadness, apathy, and school problems
[10-12] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Ants are social insects. This means that they live in a group called a colony and that each ant has a job to do to help the whole group survive. Ants must live in a colony; an ant cannot survive alone.
You will find three kinds of ants in a typical colony. There is one queen, who lays eggs. There are winged males. The males develop from unfertilized eggs. Their role is to mate with the queen, after which they die. There are workers. Most of the ants in a colony are worker ants. They are females who cannot lay eggs. Instead, they find food and sometimes fight to help the colony.
Ants are usually helpful to humans. Their underground tunneling mixes and enriches the soil. In some places ants turn more earth than earthworms. Ants spread plant seeds and feed on dead insects and other animals. Many ant species eat insects that are crop pests.
One species, the leaf-cutting ant, harms farmers’ crops in Texas and Louisiana. Large leaf-cutting worker ants carry big pieces of leaves to the ant colony. There the smaller workers chop the leaves into tiny bits. The smallest worker ants transplant small pieces of fungus to the bits of leaves. The fungus then grows on the leaves, and the ants use the fungus for food.
10. All of the following activities performed by ants are helpful to humans except .
ⓐ enriching the soil ⓑ feeding on dead animals
ⓒ cutting leaves ⓓ eating crop pests
11. Which of the following human behaviors is most similar to the behavior of the leaf-cutting worker ants?
ⓐ following a political system with a king and a queen
ⓑ performing tasks one after another on an assembly line
ⓒ raising crops
ⓓ maintaining an army
12. What is the most important contribution worker ants make to the life of the colony?
ⓐ feeding other members of the colony
ⓑ enriching the soil
ⓒ spreading plant seeds near the colony
ⓓ eating crop pests
13. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
The Recreational Equipment Inc. (REI) flagship store in Seattle is a mecca for hard-core outdoor enthusiasts. There are 30 types of sleeping bags and 16 different ice axes. Rock climbers can try 20 types of shoes on a 65-foot climbing wall. REI Chief Executive Sally Jewell darts past these and other items designed for hard-core athletes and grabs the store’s latest bestseller: a hollow, hard-plastic soccer ball that, when filled with the right ingredients and booted around a campsite, churns out ice cream. The $30 Camper’s Ice Cream Maker is scarcely the sort of thing Lloyd and Mary Anderson had in mind when they started REI with 21 of their pals as a consumer cooperative in 1938. These serious climbers were not after profits but simply after an economical way to get their hands on European mountain gear not easily found in the US.
ⓐ REI is trying to sell more goods to hard-core athletes.
ⓑ Lloyd and Mary Anderson are REI’s chief executives.
ⓒ REI shoppers love to buy the Camper’s ice cream maker.
ⓓ Sally Jewell founded REI in Seattle.
14. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
An advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded three widely used asthma medications should remain in use despite concerns that they might be linked to rare cases of life-threatening asthma attacks. Separately, the FDA pulled a controversial painkiller from the market yesterday based on the results of a company study that revealed it could cause serious side effects, even death, when mixed with alcoholic beverages. The drug’s label had included a caution that it not be mixed with alcohol after the company discovered an alcohol interaction. But more problems cropped up in a research study the company conducted after the drug’s approval last September.
ⓐ The asthma drugs are devoid of side effects.
ⓑ The painkiller’s benefits outweighed its risks.
ⓒ Experts decided withdrawal of asthma drugs.
ⓓ Side effects lead the FDA to bar sale of the painkiller.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
In many of the industrialized countries, the population is aging. That is, the average age of the population is older than it was twenty years ago. This fact has encouraged many businesses to develop products and services for older customers. In the medical industry, for example, new medicines and technologies are being developed especially for the health problems of older people. The tourist industry also offers services for the elderly, including special transportation and health services, and trips organized for groups of older people. And finally, there are many different kinds of products designed for the needs of the elderly. These include everything from shoes and shampoos to magazines and furniture.
ⓐ With the population aging, many businesses have developed products and services for older customers.
ⓑ In the industrialized countries, the average age of the population is older than it was twenty years ago.
ⓒ The medical industry is developing new medicines and technology for the health problems of the elderly.
ⓓ The elderly tend to spend most of their income getting health services and medicines.
16. What is the topic of the passage?
Familarity with words in a given language influences speech processing. The higher the frequency of a word, the higher its probability of being correctly recognized. This is because high-frequency words have increased lexical strength due to repetition; little-used items will tend to fade in strength and grow more difficult to access. Also, type frequency (as opposed to token frequency) is an important determinant of productivity. The relative acceptability of nonsense words with occurring and nonoccurring phonotactic patterns has been shown to be based on the distribution of the patterns in the lexicon; patterns with high type frequency are judged by listeners to be more acceptable.
ⓐ role of frequency in speech processing
ⓑ word processing under predictability
ⓒ difference between type and token frequency
ⓓ importance of repetition through practice
17. What is the best title of the passage?
At one hospital in Dallas, four people died from rabies, an unheard-of level of incidence of this rare disease. As it turned out, each patient was infected by an organ or tissue― a kidney, a liver, an artery―that he or she received in a transplant several weeks earlier. Their shared donor had rabies, caught apparently through a bite from a rabid bat, something the surgeons never suspected. They all thought he had suffered a fatal crack-cocaine overdose, which can produce symptoms similar to those of rabies. Since the rabies deaths, recriminations have flown, procedural reviews have begun and sorrow and regret have dogged the families of the organ recipients. But the outbreak also exposed a controversy that until then was roiling only the rarefied world of transplant specialists. The issue, although freighted with monetary and bio-ethical complexities, can be one deceptively simple question. Should transplant surgeons be using organs from nearly anyone?
ⓐ Outcry against Buying Organs
ⓑ Transplant, as a Last Resort
ⓒ Transplant, a Medical Revolution?
ⓓ Will Any Organ Do?
[18-23] Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate expressions.
18. Have you ever thought about yawning? Yawning is a surprisingly powerful act. Just because you read the word “yawning” in the previous two sentences―and the two additional “yawns” in this sentence―a good number of you will probably yawn within the next few minutes. Even as I’m writing this, I’ve yawned twice. If you’re reading this in a public place, and you’ve just yawned, chances are that a good proportion of everyone who saw you yawn is now yawning too, and a good proportion of the people watching the people who watched you yawn are now yawning as well, and on and on, in an ever-widening, yawning circle. Thus yawning is incredibly .
ⓐ instantaneous ⓑ autonomous
ⓒ contagious ⓓ adjacent
19. [1점]
Diane had never given blood before, but the sign on the dorm bulletin board said, “We need blood to help save lives,” and Diane told herself, “I should do it. I could help out.” After making the initial decision, Diane felt a surge of apprehension. “Will it hurt?” she wondered. A mental image formed of a needle entering her vein and being drawn out, and she felt a mounting fear. Nevertheless, she headed for the Bloodmobile.
ⓐ pain ⓑ blood
ⓒ muscle ⓓ nerve
20. [1점]
Americans made more than 50,000 trips to a hospital or doctor’s office for a luggage-related mishap in 2003. This year, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, whose members see a lot of travelers on their examining tables, has for the first time issued for safety toting all that baggage. Among the tips: Use your knees. Stand alongside your suitcase and bend your knees when lifting it. Using your leg muscles will help spare those in your back. Roll your own. Choose suitcases with wheels and several handles. Wheels will lighten the load, and having several handles will make bags easier to grasp.
ⓐ guidelines ⓑ prescriptions
ⓒ certificates ⓓ warrants
21.
Does parenting actually matter when it comes to kids’ test scores? Yes, don’t worry. Parents do influence children’s test scores, but . If parents are high earners, well educated and out of their 20s, for example, their children will do better, according to Department of Education statistics. Staying home with the kids and carting them off to museums, however, has little effect.
ⓐ what is more important is how they love their children
ⓑ what they do is less important than who they are
ⓒ what they do is less important than who their children are
ⓓ what they do is more important than their children’s scores
22.
Want to make it in the movie business but feel deterred by the cutthroat competition? Then head to Bombay. As the world’s most prolific film industry, with up to a hundred movies being shot at any one time, Bollywood is always especially short of foreign extras. Unless you have some training, dancing parts are probably a step too far. But even the most should be able to find parts in the epic crowd scenes that are a hallmark of the industry. If you’re a blond woman or can play the part of, say, a merciless colonial Brit, you might just find yourself in a more substantial role. To get your big break, take a taxi to the scores of lots at Film City on the northern outskirts and simply ask around.
ⓐ keen-witted ⓑ good-natured ⓒ leaden-footed ⓓ ill-tempered
23.
Today the word “schizophrenia” brings to mind such a name as John Nash. Nash, the subject of Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind, emerged as a mathematical prodigy but he became so profoundly disturbed by the brain disorder in young adulthood that he lost his academic career and floundered for years before recovering. The experience of Nash is typical in some ways but atypical in others. Of the roughly 1 percent of the world’s population stricken with schizophrenia, most remain largely disabled throughout adulthood. Rather than being geniuses like Nash, many show below-average intelligence even before they become symptomatic and then undergo a further decline in IQ when the illness sets in, typically during young adulthood. , only a minority ever achieve gainful employment.
ⓐ In particular ⓑ Unfortunately
ⓒ Alternatively ⓓ By contrast
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Is sleep to refresh the mind? That’s closer to the mark. The brain benefits from a good night’s sleep. One theory is that sleep allows the brain to review and consolidate all the streams of information it gathered while awake. Another suggests that we sleep in order to allow the brain to stock up on fuel and flush out wastes. A third theory, which has been gaining currency, is that sleep operates in some mysterious way to help you master various skills, such as how to play the piano and ride a bike.
ⓐ Benefits from a good night’s sleep vary among people.
ⓑ Our body needs more sleep than our brain does.
ⓒ No agreement is made about what form the benefit of sleep takes.
ⓓ The quality of sleep is irrelevant to the amount of sleep.
25. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Conventional wisdom has long held that mammals spent millions of years in Darwinian limbo. As long as dinosaurs roamed the earth, our distant ancestors never got to be much more than cringing, shrewlike creatures that slinked out at night to nibble timorously on plants and insects when the terrible lizards were asleep. Only when a rogue comet wiped the dinosaurs out, went the story, did mammals begin to earn a little evolutionary respect. But that picture changed dramatically last week with the announcement in Nature of one impressive fossil. A brand-new species dubbed Repenomamus giganticus demolishes the notion that most dinosaur-age mammals were never larger than squirrels. “This discovery was the chance of a lifetime,” says Jin Meng, a co-author of the paper. “We can’t expect to find a thing like this again.”
ⓐ Repenomamus giganticus is at least as large as a squirrel.
ⓑ The evolution of early mammals is one of the scientific mysteries.
ⓒ There is no scientific proof that dinosaur-age mammals are timid.
ⓓ Jin Meng’s finding suggests more species would have existed in the dinosaur age than we have thought.
[26-27] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
When modern farming methods were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s, people believed they were the answer to world food shortages. Over the next few decades, food production did increase dramatically. However, the modern methods did not solve the problem of hunger―over a billion people still go hungry everyday―and they created many other serious environmental problems. According to modern methods, farmers plant only one crop in large quantities and use only the new “improved” seed types. These seeds require farmers to use lots of chemical fertilizers to make the seeds grow and chemical pesticides to kill harmful insects. They also require farmers to irrigate with lots of water. Farmers and scientists now realize that these methods may raise production immediately, but they have negative effects in the long term. For example, planting the same crop repeatedly and using lots of chemical fertilizers makes the soil unproductive. Also the farming of very large, open fields results in the loss of valuable top soil.
26. The passage is concerned mainly with .
ⓐ seriousness of world food shortages
ⓑ increased use of fertilizers
ⓒ problems of modern farming methods
ⓓ unproductivity of modern farming methods
27. According to the modern farming methods, farmers .
ⓐ do not need to irrigate their crops
ⓑ usually plant many different crops
ⓒ have to plant lots of seeds
ⓓ need to use lots of chemicals
Nearly every major city in the world provides some form of public transportation.28. Choose the best order from [A] through [D] for a paragraph starting with the sentence in the box.
[A] The most common form of public transportation is the bus which has been in use in major cities since approximately 1900.
[B] Also special busses can be chartered for trips to the mountains, to lakes, and to nearby places of historical interests.
[C] This is necessary not only for visitors to the city, but also to provide citizens with low-cost transportation and to help reduce the traffic on streets and highways.
[D] In some cities, the city bus system offers free “mini-bus”service as a convenience to shoppers in the downtown business district.
ⓐ [A]-[C]-[B]-[D] ⓑ [C]-[B]-[D]-[A]
ⓒ [A]-[D]-[C]-[B] ⓓ [C]-[A]-[B]-[D]
At the center of Banks Peninsula about 25 miles from Christchurch, Akaroa is on a finger-shaped bay that was once the crater of a volcano. 29. Choose the best order from [A] through [D] for a paragraph starting with the sentence in the box. [2점]
[A] Langlois’s recruits arrived in Akaroa Harbor after their voyage half way around the world to find a British flag.
[B] In 1838, a whaling captain named Jean-François Langlois considered the location a good place to start what he hoped would be a French colony, and returned to Europe
to recruit settlers.
[C] They stayed anyway, and were soon joined by immigrants from Britain and elsewhere.
[D] But while the French pioneers were preparing their expedition, the British signed the Treaty of Waitangi with Maori leaders, assuming sovereignty of New Zealand.
ⓐ [A]-[B]-[C]-[D] ⓑ [B]-[D]-[A]-[C]
ⓒ [B]-[C]-[D]-[A] ⓓ [D]-[B]-[A]-[C]
30. Choose the one which is NOT necessary in the followingparagraph.
Even beyond the world video games, Microsoft is looking a tiny bit peaked. You wouldn’t want to say that it’s vulnerable, but last quarter Microsoft missed its earnings estimates by a whisker. [A]Open-source gadflies like Linux and Firefox are chipping away at its market share in small but irritating ways. [B]Google is making scary noises and hiring away its talent. [C]Microsoft is known more for its bullying business tactics than its technological innovation. [D]Apple is winning rave reviews for its new operating system Tiger, which incorporates features that Microsoft was planning for the next version of Windows. Microsoft isn’t going out of business anytime soon, but if it were going to hit a home run, now would be a really great time to do it.
ⓐ [A] ⓑ [B] ⓒ [C] ⓓ [D]
[31-33] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
No one, as Sally Farber, the main character of Lisa Grunwald’s novel Whatever Makes You Happy, notes, quarrels about what anger means, or sadness, or envy. “But happiness is .” Farber, 40, has had no trouble writing books on The History of Anger, The History of Jealousy and even The History of Love, but she’s hung up on writing the biography of happiness. Two kids running into the bedroom “like bright, sharp arrows,” a “tidy, perfect, kitchen drawer” of a husband plus a book contract, and still, for Sally, happiness lies around the corner.
Farber decides early on that happiness is a matter of temperament, not circumstances. It “has less to do with what people have than with what they think they want,” she says. After all, for much of history, happiness as an end in itself has been as strange a notion as suffering as an end in itself. Then why is happiness so much harder to access than simple depression?
A tale of a woman approaching middle age who doesn’t know exactly what she wants (because she secretly knows that what she wants is irresponsibility) sounds like familiar stuff. But Grunwald tells the story with a wit―a bride wears an “expression of tranquilized charm”―that never quite conceals the sting of wisdom just below. Perhaps it’s no surprise that by the end of her well-turned and winning tale, we see and feel, as Farber does, that the pursuit of happiness is really nothing more than a recipe for misery.
31. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank?
[2점]
ⓐ an end ⓑ a temperament ⓒ a circumstance ⓓ a glimmer
32. Which of the following is true according to the passage? [2점]
ⓐ Lisa Grunwald wrote books on the history of anger, jealousy, and love.
ⓑ Sally Farber pursues happiness in Whatever Makes You Happy.
ⓒ The History of Love is about Lisa Grunwald’s memoir of her life.
ⓓ In Whatever Makes You Happy, Sally Farber’s books were turned down by publishers.
33. What is the author’s attitude toward Whatever Makes You Happy?
ⓐ positive ⓑ ambiguous
ⓒ critical ⓓ anxious
34. Which element does NOT attract students to the commercial schools according to the passage?
In recent audits, the state comptroller’s office found more problems with commercial schools. In audits of four degree-granting schools in the past year, the comptroller found that irregularities in financial aid grants were more than eight times higher at the two commercial schools studied than at the public college and the private nonprofit college that it also reviewed. Nonetheless, more and more college students are attracted by the career-oriented education these schools typically offer, as well as by their often relaxed admissions policies and their consumer-oriented focus. Students are also drawn by the aggressive advertising that many employ. In New York City, for example, it is hard to miss their splashy campaigns in newspapers and on buses and subway cars offering quick degrees, generous financial aid and job placement.
ⓐ career-oriented programs
ⓑ relaxed admissions
ⓒ high quality of education
ⓓ aggressive advertising
[35-36] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
For the past 23 years India’s GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 6%, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. The growth rate may have been lower than that of China’s, but it is double that achieved by the West during the Industrial Revolution. As a result, India’s middle class has more than tripled in size to 250 million people. While the number of the rich has certainly grown, about 1% of the poor have crossed the poverty line each year. Pervasive upward mobility may help explain why India is reasonably free of social resentment.
In the past, Indians did not accord a high place to making money. Traditionally, the merchant was placed third in the four-caste hierarchy. But since the economic reforms, making money has become increasingly respectable and India is in the midst of a social revolution rivaled, perhaps, only by the ascent of Japan’s merchant class after the Meiji Restoration. Many of those associated with the old economy have also done well of late. But India Inc. is no longer run by a handful of families. For decades, socialist policies suppressed economic growth and middle-class opportunities. Yet if the present rate of growth continues, India should reach Aristotle’s ideal by 2025, when the middle class will be 50% of the population. Middle-class mobility and new meritocratic wealth have made inequality more acceptable. .
35. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank?
ⓐ Economic reforms have left the poor behind, but there is no shortage of policies that could help.
ⓑ Simple thinking and high living would be a more likely maxim today.
ⓒ In India today, the rich no longer excite envy but hope and aspiration.
ⓓ Political democracy cannot succeed where there is no social or economic democracy.
36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
ⓐ In recent years, India has become the fastest-growing economy in the world.
ⓑ The gains of economic growth in India have been largely captured by the privileged.
ⓒ The gap between the rich and the poor in India becomes greater than before.
ⓓ The recent economic growth in India seems to give the middle class more opportunities.
37. Which is the best place for the sentence in the box to complete the paragraph below? [2점]
Moreover, Australia is grabbing market share.
Pity the French wine industry. Since entering the new century on a high with one of the most hyped Bordeaux vintages in two decades, nothing has gone its way. French wine consumption, while tops in the world, has slipped 10% since 1999, according to Vinexpo/ISWR. [A] By 2008 look for it to fall another 7% as younger French drinkers switch to beer and spirits for their joie de vivre. [B] The export picture is ugly, too. [C] There has been a three-year decline in sales in the US, France’s second-biggest export market, partly because of the backlash to France’s stance in the Iraq war. And the euro’s strength has made bottles pricier for loyal drinkers elsewhere. [D] “The competition is bigger and bigger,” says François Lurton, of Jacques & François Lurton, a wine company in Varyes, France.
ⓐ [A] ⓑ [B]
ⓒ [C] ⓓ [D]
[38-40] Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The Fat Duck, Heston Blumenthal’s restaurant in Bray, 40 minutes west of London, was named best in the world by trade title Restaurant magazine last month, and if anything, the acclaim is a few years behind that accorded by his peers. “I have never eaten at the Fat Duck nor met him,” says master chef Mario Batali. “But I am fascinated with his use of science to create provocative food.”
Blumenthal opened the Fat Duck in an old pub in 1995, but it didn’t take off until he asked himself, ? “All the books said it was a must, but I couldn’t figure out why,” says Blumenthal. With no cooking mentors to rely on, he cold-called Oxford University molecular-gastronomy pioneer Nicholas Kurti, only to learn that Kurti had died in 1998. So Blumenthal got the list of participants at Kurti’s annual food-science conference and rang Peter Barham, a physicist at the University of Bristol. “The answer is that green beans don’t need salted water,” says Barham. “Heston had figured this out, but he didn’t have the confidence he has now. Having a scientist tell him made it OK.”
With astonishing speed and obsessiveness, Blumenthal created a circle of foodie physicists and chemists and applied their wisdom to the kitchen. Barham exposed him to lab-equipment catalogs. Tom Coultate, a retired food biochemist from South Bank University, explained advanced gelling agents (used in the restaurant’s tea, almond and quail jellies). Anthony Blake, a vice president of Firmenich, a Swiss fragrance and flavor company, was most influential. “The first time I went to Geneva,” says Blumenthal, “Tony showed me thousands of flavor molecules and extracts in little jars. I was in heaven.” By sampling molecules and learning the chemical connections between them, Blumenthal was freed to go off on the creative jags he calls “flavor pairings.”
38. Which of the following is most appropriate for the blank? [2점]
ⓐ Why do chickens have to be deep-fried in a pan about two-thirds full of oil
ⓑ Why does fish have to be put in water just under the boiling point
ⓒ Why do green beans have to be boiled in salted water
ⓓ Why does meat have to be slow-cooked at 58℃
39. Which is a correct statement about Blumenthal?
ⓐ He is one of the youngest chefs in the world.
ⓑ He has used science to make new tastes.
ⓒ He created a new field of molecular-gastronomy.
ⓓ He is involved in an emerging school of cooking.
40. Who has made the greatest contribution to Blumenthal’s flavor pairings?
ⓐ Anthony Blake
ⓑ Tom Coultate
ⓒ Peter Barham
ⓓ Nicholas Kurti
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