[1-3] Choose the most appropriate expression for each blank.

[1] Every man, woman, and child in the room ______ to be self-assured.

① is appeared   ② appear    ③ appears    ④ are appeared

[2] The next time I ______ at that restaurant, I'm going to have a big bowl of clam chowder.

① eat    ② will eat    ③ will have eaten   ④ will be eating

[3] When Bill broke up with his girl friend, he felt so lonely that he had to find ______ one immediately.

① other       ② another     ③ the other   ④ the another

[4-5] Choose the one that is grammatically INCORRECT.

[4] Wind power ① is another alternative energy source ② that could be used without ③ being produced by-products that       ④ are harmful to nature.

[5] The real beauty ① of having material wealth is that you don't have ② to worry about paying the bills and you have more energy ③ to be concerned about the things ④ what matter.

[6-10] Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word.

[6] I hope she's not trying to bolster his confidence.

① weaken     ② support     ③ condemn    ④ praise

[7] Didn't his colleagues insist his recent experiment was a fabrication?

① invention    ② mystery     ③ failure      ④ sensation

[8] Our goal is to sustain the momentum into the next decade.

① eliminate    ② increase    ③ reduce      ④ maintain

[9] Political corruption is not as pervasive as it once was in City Hall.

① rare      ② widespread     ③ troublesome    ④ serious

[10] Among Joe's salient features is his square jaw.

① noticeable     ② ugly       ③ strange     ④ attractive

[11-13] Read the following passage and answer the questions.

An Oklahoma woman gave birth to a 6.5 kilogram baby girl on Dec. 16. Do giant babies like this one turn into giant adults?  Well, there's no way to predict exactly how big this enormous infant will become, but studies have shown a linear correlation between birth weight and adult size. We also know that the length of a baby is associated with its eventual height and weight. (1) _________, heavy babies tend to grow up fat and long babies tend to grow up tall.

   Studies have also shown that bigger parents have bigger babies, which in turn end up as bigger adults. This should come as no surprise: Children inherit their parents' body types both via genetics and shared experience. But the data show a connection between birth weight and eventual BMI (body mass index) that can't be explained by the parents' size or lifestyle. Identical twins, for example, seem to end up at sizes that reflect

the difference in their initial birth weights. (2) _________, a baby

that weighs less will likely grow into an adult with a lower

BMI. That doesn't mean you should hope for a small baby: Lower birth weight has been associated with stroke, coronary heart disease, and other problems. (3) _________, when an especially little baby grows up, the fat she does have tends to accumulate in her trunk—another risk factor for cardiovascular illness.

   You can also find connections between birth weight and cognitive abilities. Larger babies tend to score higher on IQ tests when they grow up. A study from the University of Pennsylvania found that on average, each additional pound of baby fat yields four more months of schooling and a 7%  increase in earnings.

[11] According to the passage, if parents want their baby to become a taller adult, what should they hope for?

① a short baby ② a fat baby   ③ a thin baby  ④ a long baby

[12] Choose the appropriate expressions for blanks (1), (2), and (3).

[13] According to the passage, which of the following developmental tendencies is most likely?

① Smarter babies grow into dumber adults.    

② Shorter babies grow into taller adults.

③ Fatter babies grow into thinner adults.      

④ Larger babies grow into smarter adults.

[14-16] Read the following passage and answer the questions.

People from different cultures often misinterpret each other's signals. In the conversations of Athabaskan Indians, a pause of up to about one and a half seconds does not necessarily indicate the end of a turn, and Athabaskans often pause that long within a turn. In contrast, most European Americans consider a pause of more than one second sufficient to signal the end of a turn (although there may be social variation). When Athabaskan Indians and European Americans interact with each other, the latter often misinterpret the Athabaskans' midturn pauses as end-of-turn signals and feel free to claim the floor. From the Athabaskans' perspective, the European Americans' claim of the floor at this point constitutes an interruption. With the same situation occurring time and again in interactions between the two groups, negative stereotypes arise. Athabaskans find European Americans rude, pushy, and uncontrollably talkative, while European Americans find Athabaskans conversationally uncooperative, sullen, and incapable of carrying on a coherent conversation. Unwittingly carrying those  stereotypes into a classroom, European-American teachers may judge Athabaskan students to be unresponsive or unintelligent, because the teachers' unspoken (1) _________ are for students to speak up, interact, and be quick in their responses. While these tend to be the actions of children in mainstream European-American culture, Athabaskan children, honoring the norms of their own culture, tend not to behave in that manner. Though most people are unaware of such subtle cross-cultural differences, (2) _________.

[14] Which of the following words fits best in blank (1)?

① cultural expectations         ② personal intuitions 

③ racial attitudes               ④ social proficiencies

[15] According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding cross-cultural linguistic behavior?

① European-American teachers regard their Athabaskan students      as reticent.

② Athabaskans regard European Americans as impolite.

③ European-American speakers yield the floor more frequently     than Athabaskan speakers do.

④ Athabaskan students are labeled by their European-American     teachers as incoherent.

[16] Which of the following statements fits best in blank (2) as a conclusion?

① they can result in better interpersonal skills

② they can have profound social consequences

③ they can be used to enhance people's reputations

④ they can develop into a monolingual society

[17-19] Read the following passage and answer the questions.

If we say that "x is a necessary condition for y," we mean that if we don't have x, then we won't have y. Or put differently, without x, you won't have y. To say that x is a necessary condition for y does not mean that x guarantees y. If we say that "x is a sufficient condition for y," then we mean that if we have x, we know that y must follow. In other words, x guarantees y. To illustrate, some educators argue that there is a causal connection between improved performance by public school students (as measured by the SAT) and the expenditure of dollars on schools by state governments, that more money spent yields better learning. This claim is in some degree undermined by those who point out that during the years 1992-1993 none of the five states with the highest teachers' salaries was among the 15 U.S. states with the top SAT scores; and of the 10 states with the highest per-pupil expenditures, only one (Wisconsin) was among the 10 states with the highest SAT scores; and the state with the highest per-pupil expenditure, New Jersey, ranked 39th in SAT scores—all evidence tending to show that high expenditure is not a      (1) _________ condition of student achievement. But the 10 states with the lowest per-pupil spending included four (North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Utah) among the 10 states with the top SAT scores; and while North Dakota ranked 44th in expenditures it ranked second in SAT scores; and while South Dakota ranked last in teachers' salaries it ranked third in SAT scores—all evidence tending to show that high expenditures not a (2) _________ condition of student achievement.

[17] According to the passage, data collected from 1992-1993

demonstrate that

① some scholars argue that states should spend more money on

   education.

② student academic achievements will invariably improve if more

   money is spent on education.

③ necessary conditions are more important regarding school

   performance than sufficient conditions.

④ money spent on education does not always result in higher

   student academic achievements.

[18] According to the passage, which of the following states best illustrates that higher expenditures do not inevitably produce higher student achievements?

① Tennessee    ② New Jersey   ③ Wisconsin     ④ South Dakota

[19] Choose the most appropriate words for blanks (1) and (2).

              (1)                  (2)

        ① sufficient            necessary

        ② necessary            necessary

        ③ necessary            sufficient

        ④ sufficient            sufficient

[20-22] Read the following passage and answer the questions.