학습지원센터
[편입] 2006년도 1학기 고려대학교 기출문제(B형)
등록일 2007.01.06
조회 2,798
제 14회 영어능력평가고사 문제지 (2006. 1.)
고려대학교 국제어학원유형 B수험번호성명검인
※ 이 문제지는 '유형 B'입니다. 반드시 답안지 유형 표시란의 'B'를 칠해 주십시오.
[1-17] Select the one that is closest in meaning to
the underlined word(s).
1. He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform.
A. baffling B. tedious C. invigorating D. clumsy
2. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their new skills.
A. agonize B. succeed C. fail D. revel
3. A growing number of educators believe it's possible to unearth creativity in students who don't seem to have much.
A. discover B. challenge C. exploit D. withhold
4. Within the city limits, a kind of anti-North Korea with its own laws and elected officials will be created from scratch.
A. without standards B. from nothing
C. from afar D. with ease
5. In the wake of SARS, China's leaders have become increasingly adept at operating in the harsh spotlight of the international community.
A. nervous about B. appreciative of
C. evasive about D. skilled in
6. As an avid Harry Potter fan, I take issue with a critic's view that the movie version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is better than the book.
A. disagree with B. concur with
C. stand by D. brush off
7. The most compelling market for voice-recognition software might be Asia, because typing ideograms on a cellular phone is more laborious than using a Western alphabet.
A. stable B. illiterate C. immobile D. noteworthy
8. An anti-trans-fat movement led by public-interest groups is making waves in the $476 billion restaurant industry, pestering such fast-food giants as McDonald's and Taco Bell.
A. advocating B. downsizing
C. annoying D. misleading
9. He is good at subterfuge, at gaining entry to factories by masquerading as a laborer, a wholesaler, or an exporter.
A. trespassing B. sacrificing C. enduring D. faking
10. The government encourages the public to report polluters, and to use the legal system to take the most egregious offenders to court.
A. biased B. neglected C. terrible D. disturbed
11. For the chairman, it was a bold step to try to create value from a company whose stock price had been treading water, as well as a frank acknowledgment that his previous strategy had failed.
A. marked B. unchanged
C. rocketing D. increasing
12. An increasing number of photography breaks are helping amateur photographers tap their creative juices.
A. inspirations B. agencies
C. illusions D. actualities
13. A wife was the last thing Walter Pater wanted, and he searched instead for academic preferment.
A. reference B. advancement
C. sensibility D. consolation
14. A fortuitous discovery opened the door for DNA fingerprinting and disease diagnostics.
A. An undercover B. A dishonest
C. A groundbreaking D. An unexpected
15. Elegant as a Bach partita, string theory promises to unify quantum physics with Einstein's relativity, shedding light on the origin of the universe in the bargain.
A. as well B. as is
C. as stated D. as usual
16. Global criminal activities are transforming the international system, capsizing the rules, creating new players, and reconfiguring power in international politics and economics.
A. formulating B. overturning
C. extending D. complicating
17. One town's rise from bamboo-forested backwater to manufacturing power shows why China is so formidable.
A. cultivator B. negotiator C. nonentity D. authority
[18-27] Select the one (A, B, C, or D) that is not
acceptable for standard written English.
18. The earthly fortunes of saints can fluctuate
A B
as wild as tech stocks―depending on the needs of
C D
believers.
19. Speech recognition on cell phones is no longer
A B
about saying a name and then waiting and to hope
C D
that the right number is dialed.
20. The other day I had an experience so surprising
A
and unexpecting that it made me spill a drink
B C
down my shirt.
D
B-1
21. The company had to spend a good number of its
A
dwindling capital getting a managing director
B C
to follow its strategy.
D
22. Intersperse with diverse lectures and classroom
A
activities were periods of financial difficulty,
B
military service, and employment as a private tutor,
all of which added to the curious medley of
C
experience that would ultimately blossom into his
D
remarkable life's work.
23. No sooner had I arrived after I was shown to a
A B
small room, and I had not been waiting too long
before a doctor came to examine me.
C D
24. Instead of eliminating, music appreciation
A B
should be included in our elementary curriculum.
C D
25. This was at a time, just after the war, when
A
economists, urban planners and social engineers
believed that human affairs could be understood
B
scientifically, and that the social sciences could
come to resemble with hard sciences such as
C D
physics and chemistry.
26. On average, college-educated women and
A
high-school-educated men will have a harder time
to find partners as long as educators keep ignoring
B C D
the gender gap that starts long before college.
27. This marriage has its ups and downs, and it seems
A B C
to be ending alike The War of the Roses.
D
[28-50] Select the one that best completes
the dialogue or the sentence.
28. S1: Thank you for inviting me to give a talk.
S2:
S1: Sure. I'll be happy to answer questions from
the audience, now.
S2: I'll ask people to come up to the microphone.
A. Shall we open the floor for questions?
B. Shall we save questions for the break?
C. Shall we continue with your questions?
D. Shall we have the audience write questions?
29. S1: I should have the right not to breathe smoke.
S2: So why can't you just go outside if it bothers
you?
S1: Why can't
smokers just go outside if they want to smoke?
S2: Well, smoking is part of my lifestyle.
A. That's why smoking is allowed indoors.
B. I don't have an answer to that question.
C. I could ask you the same question.
D. You can say that again.
30. S1: What led you to plagiarize from Nick Simon's
book?
S2: I made a terrible error in judgment. I was
foolish.
S1: It's no use now.
S2: I know.
A. It's not entirely my fault.
B. I shouldn't be blamed.
C. If only I wasn't so careful the first time.
D. I only wish that I could make amends.
31. Although everyone pays to energy conservation, few make it a part of their daily lives.
A. lip service B. scant attention
C. little respect D. no dues
32. Experts believe the small core of college students who riot for fun do so because being part of
both empowers them and gives them anonymity.
A. a crackdown B. an inquiry
C. a mob D. an ad
33. Because effective coping skills minimize stress responses, the experience of having milder stress responses will coping skills.
A. exaggerate B. weaken C. nullify D. solidify
34. To poet George Sterling it was "the cool grey city of love," but to the captious Ambrose Bierce it deserved "another quake." Whether loved or __________, San Francisco has always inspired strong passions.
A. contaminated B. loathed
C. admired D. applauded
35. Liz had the to apply to several jobs,
knowing that she might not get the one she wanted
most.
A. foresight B. hindsight
C. bravery D. confidence
36. The outcome of the Russo-Japanese War 100 years ago meant the end of the Russian Empire and the rise of Japan as a modern military power. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston is the centennial of the war's end with a look at the conflict through Japanese art of the era.
A. bypassing B. disregarding
C. commemorating D. obscuring
37. Lovers consumed with passion have more of a stimulating protein called nerve growth factor in their blood. The more intense the feelings of _______, the more nerve growth factor there is.
A. infatuation B. frustration
C. tranquility D. antipathy
B-2
38. Genes are not blueprints that dictate our destiny. How they are expressed―where and when they are turned on or off and for how long―is affected by changes in the womb, by the environment and by other factors.
A. reckless B. static C. erratic D. fluid
39. The "ships of the desert" have long been valued as pack animals, exploited for their meat, milk, wool, and hide, and revered as the ________ of the old caravan trade. Less widely appreciated are camels' speed, stamina, and endurance, which make them prime animals for racing.
A. weak link B. buffer C. scapegoat D. backbone
40. The soap opera character is famous for her _____.
In almost every episode, she is planning to do
something nasty to someone she dislikes.
A. fairness B. pride C. resentment D. modesty
41. The Vietnam War ended over 30 years ago, and a more ________ ending could hardly have been imagined for the United States: some 58,000 dead and communist North Vietnam in control of the country.
A. ignominious B. triumphant
C. moral D. flexible
42. Most gang members come from poor backgrounds so we believe gangs become less ______ among the young the higher the economic status.
A. notorious B. rare C. obscure D. prevalent
43. Whenever a natural catastrophe occurs, old questions
resurface. How can we reconcile tragedy with the idea of a beneficient deity? And with that question, the notion of ________ is never far behind. Disasters are heaped on mankind as a mark of our sinfulness.
A. charity B. afterlife C. punishment D. grace
44. Creativity is thinking of something different, using new approaches to solve problems. Many inventions have involved in traditional thinking. For example, Einstein broke with tradition by trying many unusual approaches that revolutionized scientific thought.
A. a consistency B. a breakthrough
C. an accumulation D. a continuity
45. Wiesenthal believes that young Germans, wary of the sentimentality in the Anne Frank story, were __________ that the entire tragedy really happened until he located Karl Silberbauer, the sergeant who arrested Anne Frank.
A. amazed B. stunned
C. unconvinced D. regrettable
46. "The first lady is…an unpaid public servant elected by one person, her husband." At the heart of Lady Bird Johnson's comment is the one salient fact about the U.S. first lady: her position is neither codified nor defined. Despite this lack of ________, the first lady has always played an influential role at home and abroad.
A. intimacy B. dependence
C. insight D. structure
47. Parents are often more ______ of the first born, and they give him or her more responsibilities.
A. trusting B. suspicious C. ashamed D. forgiving
48. There is a clear difference between researchers, who rely on ___________ trials and other statistical methods of determining whether a therapeutic technique works, and practitioners, who are often guided by clinical ___________ and intuition rather than scientific evidence.
A. subjective — interest B. controlled — experience
C. missed — execution D. unscientific — principle
49. Food scientists are trying to _________ the Oreo into one that tastes just like the original but is considerably less likely to clog snackers' arteries. There are many dieters who would call a project to improve America's favorite cookie a form of .
A. transform — flattery
B. alter — mockery
C. convert — innovation
D. downgrade — deregulation
50. The work which these men had done was rough work and it could not be accomplished by ________ methods; under their rule, as before, there had been much __________ and corruption.
A. scrupulous — irregularity
B. extraordinary — originality
C. controversial — continuity
D. legitimate — consistency
[51-70] Read the following passages and answer
the questions.
[51]
A new computer program assesses with 80 percent accuracy whether the authors of fiction and non-fiction books are male or female. Patterns detected by the program include the use of pronouns, such as I, you, he, she, them (female) and words that identify and quantify nouns, like a, the, that, one, two (male). The software was designed to identify the most prevalent fingerprints of gender and of fiction and non-fiction. These fingerprints were applied to 566 English-language works published after 1975. "Strikingly, the distinctions between male and female writers are much the same as those that, even more clearly, differentiate non-fiction and fiction," identifying the genres themselves with 98 percent accuracy, the researcher writes. The program will be next applied to classical literature to determine whether these biases existed in earlier cultures and among different languages.
51. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "these biases."
A. characteristics of foreign writers of fiction
B. prejudice against female writers by males
C. distinctive writing styles according to gender
D. stereotype of some male writers as being feminine
B-3
[52-54]
Marjorie Goff stayed in the house from the time she was thirty-one until the age of sixty-one. She was afraid to go out: Marjorie Goff had agoraphobia. So does one adult out of every twenty. One in nine adults suffers from other phobias. That makes phobias the second most common mental-health problem, behind alcoholism.
There are many kinds of phobias, and many are fairly easy to treat. Mild phobias can be treated quickly. Serious phobias can be treated with drugs. The drugs suppress the attacks of fear that go along with phobias. Or, the phobia can be alleviated by going to the kind of support groups similar to those used to treat alcoholics.
It is a _________ that phobias can be treated so easily. When they go untreated, they are one of the most powerful forces in the human psyche. A phobia is like fear looking at itself in the mirror. A phobic is an egocentric. People who for years take the stairs because they are deathly afraid of elevators don’t mind if their own children ride in them.
52. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.
A. problem B. paradox C. deception D. dilemma
53. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Emergence of Fear in Humans
B. The Problem of Drug Addiction in Phobics
C. Categorizing Phobias as a Social Disorder
D. Characterizing and Treating Phobia Symptoms
54. According to the passage, what is a characteristic
of phobics?
A. They are more concerned about themselves than
others.
B. They suffer from many phobias but only one at a
time.
C. They often may not respond to treatments using drugs.
D. They will surpass the number of alcoholics in a
few years.
[55]
There is an enormous difference in the ways in which various public officials respond to public pressures, and in the means and methods they employ to deal with them. The best possess understanding of the forces, that must be taken into account, determination not to be swerved from the path of public interest, a willingness to make enemies along with a gift for avoiding them, and faith that public support will be forthcoming for the correct course. The poorest are overhesitant, evasive, preoccupied with their relationships with their colleagues, superiors, the press or the political support on which they lean. They will make no move unless the gallery is packed. They confront all embarrassments with a stale general formula.
55. Which of the following cannot be inferred about
public officials?
A. Some are better than others in dealing with public
pressures.
B. Some advocate public interest faithfully.
C. Some will not act if an audience is not paying
attention.
D. Some know how to gain full support from enemies.
[56-58]
The typical extrovert is sociable, likes parties, has many friends, needs to have people to talk to, and does not like reading or studying by himself. He craves excitement, takes chances, often sticks his neck out, acts on the spur of the moment, and is generally an impulsive individual. He is fond of practical jokes, always has a ready answer, and generally likes change; he is carefree, easy-going, optimistic, and likes to "laugh and be merry." He prefers to keep moving and doing things, tends to be aggressive and lose his temper quickly; altogether his feelings are not kept under tight control, and he is not always a reliable person.
The typical introvert is a quiet retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people; he is reserved and distant except to intimate friends. He tends to plan ahead, "looks before he leaps," and distrusts the impulse of the moment. He does not like excitement, takes matters of everyday life with proper seriousness, and likes a well-ordered mode of life. He keeps his feelings under close control, seldom behaves in an aggressive manner, and does not lose his temper easily. He is reliable, somewhat pessimistic, and places great value on ethical standards.
56. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. Introverts are not as dynamic as extroverts.
B. Extroverts tend to be more cautious than
introverts.
C. Compared to introverts, extroverts are spontaneous.
D. If extroverts have many friends, introverts have
few.
57. What is the author's purpose in the passage?
A. to state that the definitions of extroverts and
introverts are rather abstract
B. to suggest that extroverts have better personalities
than introverts
C. to imply that introverts and extroverts show
almost polar characteristics
D. to argue that people are a combination of
introversion and extroversion
58. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an
introvert?
A. He is gregarious.
B. He is responsible.
C. He rarely displays emotion.
D. He is a moral person
B-4
[59-61]
The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that of the classical Greeks. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligations and involvement in the collective community that were emphasized by the Greeks. Freedom was to be realized by limiting the scope of governmental activity and political obligation and not through immersion in the collective life of the polis. The basic role of the citizen was to select governmental leaders and keep the powers and scope of public authority in check. On the liberal view, the rights of citizens against the state were the focus of special emphasis.
Over time, the liberal democratic notion of citizenship developed in two directions. First, there was a movement to increase the proportion of members of society who were eligible to participate as citizens―especially through extending the right of suffrage―and to ensure the basic political equality of all. Second, there was a broadening of the legitimate activities of government and a use of governmental power to redress imbalances in social and economic life. Political citizenship became an instrument through which groups and classes with sufficient numbers of votes could use the state power to enhance their social and economic well-being.
59. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. The Greeks stressed collective interests over
private ones in their notion of polis.
B. Some groups and social classes were more radical
than others.
C. The liberal view implies that the rights of citizens take precedence over the state.
D. The right to vote enabled all citizens to be
politically equal.
60. Which of the statements best expresses the main
idea of the passage?
A. The liberal democratic notion of citizenship has developed in a uniform direction.
B. The pursuit of social and economic well-being is the goal in an ideal democracy.
C. Equal focus should be placed on private and
public interests in politics.
D. In the liberal view of democratic citizenship, the government should exist for the people.
61. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "redress."
A. influence B. correct C. magnify D. foster
[62-64]
Geography emits a sulfurous odor of heresy. Why? Other intellectual disciplines have also propagated nonsense or excess, yet no other has been so depreciated and disparaged, if only by neglect. My own sense is that geography is discredited, if not discreditable, by its nature. It tells an unpleasant truth, namely, that nature like life is unfair, unequal in its favors, that nature's unfairness is not easily remedied. A civilization like ours, with its drive to mastery, does not like to be thwarted. It disapproves of discouraging words, which geographic comparisons abound in. On a map of the world in terms of product or income per head, the rich countries lie in the temperate zones, particularly in the northern hemisphere; the poor countries, in the tropics and semi-tropics. Paul Streeten notes that "[T]his reveals the deepseated optimistic bias with which we approach problems of development and the reluctance to admit the vast differences in initial conditions with which today's poor countries are faced compared with the pre-industrial phase of more advanced countries."
62. Which of the following statements best expresses
the main idea of the passage?
A. A bias towards poor countries exists due to
economic conditions.
B. Nature alone determines which countries become
developed.
C. Inevitable geographical features can determine the
wealth of a nation.
D. Geography is an underappreciated field that is
continuously losing respect.
63. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "emits a sulfurous odor of heresy."
A. displays unorthodox views
B. uses unique drawing methods
C. encompasses history completely
D. employs unnecessary aspects
64. Which of the following best describes the author's
attitude toward geography?
A. optimistic B. indifferent
C. ambivalent D. unfavorable
B-5
[65-66]
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be floundering and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a pivotal role to play, but now it is more delicate. It is essential for strong family ties and trust to prevail throughout this trying period. Parents have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledgling adult while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Any career advice should be offered respectfully, and parents should never make it seem as if the young adult’s quandaries have easy answers. They should certainly offer room and board and occasional gifts or grants but not bankroll their start-up adult entirely. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
65. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Being a Caring Parent to Young Adults
B. Helping New Adults Be Absolutely Independent
C. Dealing with the Weakening Influence of Parents
D. Training Young Adults in Time Management
66. How can parents help their grown son or daughter?
A. by trying to distance themselves
B. by making decisions for them
C. by not showing disappointment directly
D. by making problems seem insignificant
[67-68]
A dog's nose doesn't just dominate its face. It dominates its brain, too. Mucous carries odor molecules to tightly-folded scent membranes behind the nose. But while these membranes are postage-stamp sized in humans, they are handkerchief-sized in some dogs. And then there's the olfactory lobe, the part of the brain that processes scent information. The dog's is four times the size of a human's—despite the fact that dogs have smaller brains! With that much physical resource devoted to it, it's no wonder the dog's sense of smell is 1,000 to 10,000 times better than that of humans. But dogs' ability to track scent is more than a function of quantity. There is a qualitative angle, too. What makes a dog the ideal tracker is not just the ability to detect scent, it's the ability to distinguish scents, and concentration of scents.
67. According to the passage, what is not a difference
between humans and dogs?
A. Humans have relatively bigger brains than dogs.
B. Dogs can better discern scents than humans.
C. Scent membranes are larger in dogs than humans.
D. Noses are more prominent in human faces than
dogs'.
68. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Comparison of Bodies of Humans and Dogs
B. The Highly Developed Sense of Smell in Dogs
C. Dogs―A Better Smeller than Most Animals
D. Dogs―A Man's Best Friend in Times of Need
[69-70]
The growth of polygraph testing has caused widespread criticism and lawsuits. Bosses say the polygraph is an effective weapon against stealing and other problems. Stealing by workers alone costs billions of dollars a year. The polygraph can weed out bad workers as well as exonerate the good. The lie detector doesn't exactly detect lies. It records blood pressure, perspiration, and breathing patterns as questions are asked. There are different kinds of questions; however, the way they are asked is the same. Usually, the examiner, begins by asking a few questions―such as, "Is today Tuesday?" These harmless questions are followed by relevant questions: "Did you steal the money?" False answers are supposed to cause emotional stress. This stress causes the machine to record changes. But the readings can be wrong. Only half the states require the operators to have a license. There is little training. It is important to note that some polygraphers carry malpractice insurance. That may be because a number of workers have gone to court and have won. They proved the machine is .
69. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.
A. perfect B. safe C. fallible D. credible
70. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. Polygraph testing is an ideal way to detect lies.
B. Emotional stress can arise from false answers.
C. Some polygraphers are sued for malpractice.
D. Polygraph readings are based on physical changes.
B-6
고려대학교 국제어학원유형 B수험번호성명검인
※ 이 문제지는 '유형 B'입니다. 반드시 답안지 유형 표시란의 'B'를 칠해 주십시오.
[1-17] Select the one that is closest in meaning to
the underlined word(s).
1. He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform.
A. baffling B. tedious C. invigorating D. clumsy
2. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their new skills.
A. agonize B. succeed C. fail D. revel
3. A growing number of educators believe it's possible to unearth creativity in students who don't seem to have much.
A. discover B. challenge C. exploit D. withhold
4. Within the city limits, a kind of anti-North Korea with its own laws and elected officials will be created from scratch.
A. without standards B. from nothing
C. from afar D. with ease
5. In the wake of SARS, China's leaders have become increasingly adept at operating in the harsh spotlight of the international community.
A. nervous about B. appreciative of
C. evasive about D. skilled in
6. As an avid Harry Potter fan, I take issue with a critic's view that the movie version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is better than the book.
A. disagree with B. concur with
C. stand by D. brush off
7. The most compelling market for voice-recognition software might be Asia, because typing ideograms on a cellular phone is more laborious than using a Western alphabet.
A. stable B. illiterate C. immobile D. noteworthy
8. An anti-trans-fat movement led by public-interest groups is making waves in the $476 billion restaurant industry, pestering such fast-food giants as McDonald's and Taco Bell.
A. advocating B. downsizing
C. annoying D. misleading
9. He is good at subterfuge, at gaining entry to factories by masquerading as a laborer, a wholesaler, or an exporter.
A. trespassing B. sacrificing C. enduring D. faking
10. The government encourages the public to report polluters, and to use the legal system to take the most egregious offenders to court.
A. biased B. neglected C. terrible D. disturbed
11. For the chairman, it was a bold step to try to create value from a company whose stock price had been treading water, as well as a frank acknowledgment that his previous strategy had failed.
A. marked B. unchanged
C. rocketing D. increasing
12. An increasing number of photography breaks are helping amateur photographers tap their creative juices.
A. inspirations B. agencies
C. illusions D. actualities
13. A wife was the last thing Walter Pater wanted, and he searched instead for academic preferment.
A. reference B. advancement
C. sensibility D. consolation
14. A fortuitous discovery opened the door for DNA fingerprinting and disease diagnostics.
A. An undercover B. A dishonest
C. A groundbreaking D. An unexpected
15. Elegant as a Bach partita, string theory promises to unify quantum physics with Einstein's relativity, shedding light on the origin of the universe in the bargain.
A. as well B. as is
C. as stated D. as usual
16. Global criminal activities are transforming the international system, capsizing the rules, creating new players, and reconfiguring power in international politics and economics.
A. formulating B. overturning
C. extending D. complicating
17. One town's rise from bamboo-forested backwater to manufacturing power shows why China is so formidable.
A. cultivator B. negotiator C. nonentity D. authority
[18-27] Select the one (A, B, C, or D) that is not
acceptable for standard written English.
18. The earthly fortunes of saints can fluctuate
A B
as wild as tech stocks―depending on the needs of
C D
believers.
19. Speech recognition on cell phones is no longer
A B
about saying a name and then waiting and to hope
C D
that the right number is dialed.
20. The other day I had an experience so surprising
A
and unexpecting that it made me spill a drink
B C
down my shirt.
D
B-1
21. The company had to spend a good number of its
A
dwindling capital getting a managing director
B C
to follow its strategy.
D
22. Intersperse with diverse lectures and classroom
A
activities were periods of financial difficulty,
B
military service, and employment as a private tutor,
all of which added to the curious medley of
C
experience that would ultimately blossom into his
D
remarkable life's work.
23. No sooner had I arrived after I was shown to a
A B
small room, and I had not been waiting too long
before a doctor came to examine me.
C D
24. Instead of eliminating, music appreciation
A B
should be included in our elementary curriculum.
C D
25. This was at a time, just after the war, when
A
economists, urban planners and social engineers
believed that human affairs could be understood
B
scientifically, and that the social sciences could
come to resemble with hard sciences such as
C D
physics and chemistry.
26. On average, college-educated women and
A
high-school-educated men will have a harder time
to find partners as long as educators keep ignoring
B C D
the gender gap that starts long before college.
27. This marriage has its ups and downs, and it seems
A B C
to be ending alike The War of the Roses.
D
[28-50] Select the one that best completes
the dialogue or the sentence.
28. S1: Thank you for inviting me to give a talk.
S2:
S1: Sure. I'll be happy to answer questions from
the audience, now.
S2: I'll ask people to come up to the microphone.
A. Shall we open the floor for questions?
B. Shall we save questions for the break?
C. Shall we continue with your questions?
D. Shall we have the audience write questions?
29. S1: I should have the right not to breathe smoke.
S2: So why can't you just go outside if it bothers
you?
S1: Why can't
smokers just go outside if they want to smoke?
S2: Well, smoking is part of my lifestyle.
A. That's why smoking is allowed indoors.
B. I don't have an answer to that question.
C. I could ask you the same question.
D. You can say that again.
30. S1: What led you to plagiarize from Nick Simon's
book?
S2: I made a terrible error in judgment. I was
foolish.
S1: It's no use now.
S2: I know.
A. It's not entirely my fault.
B. I shouldn't be blamed.
C. If only I wasn't so careful the first time.
D. I only wish that I could make amends.
31. Although everyone pays to energy conservation, few make it a part of their daily lives.
A. lip service B. scant attention
C. little respect D. no dues
32. Experts believe the small core of college students who riot for fun do so because being part of
both empowers them and gives them anonymity.
A. a crackdown B. an inquiry
C. a mob D. an ad
33. Because effective coping skills minimize stress responses, the experience of having milder stress responses will coping skills.
A. exaggerate B. weaken C. nullify D. solidify
34. To poet George Sterling it was "the cool grey city of love," but to the captious Ambrose Bierce it deserved "another quake." Whether loved or __________, San Francisco has always inspired strong passions.
A. contaminated B. loathed
C. admired D. applauded
35. Liz had the to apply to several jobs,
knowing that she might not get the one she wanted
most.
A. foresight B. hindsight
C. bravery D. confidence
36. The outcome of the Russo-Japanese War 100 years ago meant the end of the Russian Empire and the rise of Japan as a modern military power. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston is the centennial of the war's end with a look at the conflict through Japanese art of the era.
A. bypassing B. disregarding
C. commemorating D. obscuring
37. Lovers consumed with passion have more of a stimulating protein called nerve growth factor in their blood. The more intense the feelings of _______, the more nerve growth factor there is.
A. infatuation B. frustration
C. tranquility D. antipathy
B-2
38. Genes are not blueprints that dictate our destiny. How they are expressed―where and when they are turned on or off and for how long―is affected by changes in the womb, by the environment and by other factors.
A. reckless B. static C. erratic D. fluid
39. The "ships of the desert" have long been valued as pack animals, exploited for their meat, milk, wool, and hide, and revered as the ________ of the old caravan trade. Less widely appreciated are camels' speed, stamina, and endurance, which make them prime animals for racing.
A. weak link B. buffer C. scapegoat D. backbone
40. The soap opera character is famous for her _____.
In almost every episode, she is planning to do
something nasty to someone she dislikes.
A. fairness B. pride C. resentment D. modesty
41. The Vietnam War ended over 30 years ago, and a more ________ ending could hardly have been imagined for the United States: some 58,000 dead and communist North Vietnam in control of the country.
A. ignominious B. triumphant
C. moral D. flexible
42. Most gang members come from poor backgrounds so we believe gangs become less ______ among the young the higher the economic status.
A. notorious B. rare C. obscure D. prevalent
43. Whenever a natural catastrophe occurs, old questions
resurface. How can we reconcile tragedy with the idea of a beneficient deity? And with that question, the notion of ________ is never far behind. Disasters are heaped on mankind as a mark of our sinfulness.
A. charity B. afterlife C. punishment D. grace
44. Creativity is thinking of something different, using new approaches to solve problems. Many inventions have involved in traditional thinking. For example, Einstein broke with tradition by trying many unusual approaches that revolutionized scientific thought.
A. a consistency B. a breakthrough
C. an accumulation D. a continuity
45. Wiesenthal believes that young Germans, wary of the sentimentality in the Anne Frank story, were __________ that the entire tragedy really happened until he located Karl Silberbauer, the sergeant who arrested Anne Frank.
A. amazed B. stunned
C. unconvinced D. regrettable
46. "The first lady is…an unpaid public servant elected by one person, her husband." At the heart of Lady Bird Johnson's comment is the one salient fact about the U.S. first lady: her position is neither codified nor defined. Despite this lack of ________, the first lady has always played an influential role at home and abroad.
A. intimacy B. dependence
C. insight D. structure
47. Parents are often more ______ of the first born, and they give him or her more responsibilities.
A. trusting B. suspicious C. ashamed D. forgiving
48. There is a clear difference between researchers, who rely on ___________ trials and other statistical methods of determining whether a therapeutic technique works, and practitioners, who are often guided by clinical ___________ and intuition rather than scientific evidence.
A. subjective — interest B. controlled — experience
C. missed — execution D. unscientific — principle
49. Food scientists are trying to _________ the Oreo into one that tastes just like the original but is considerably less likely to clog snackers' arteries. There are many dieters who would call a project to improve America's favorite cookie a form of .
A. transform — flattery
B. alter — mockery
C. convert — innovation
D. downgrade — deregulation
50. The work which these men had done was rough work and it could not be accomplished by ________ methods; under their rule, as before, there had been much __________ and corruption.
A. scrupulous — irregularity
B. extraordinary — originality
C. controversial — continuity
D. legitimate — consistency
[51-70] Read the following passages and answer
the questions.
[51]
A new computer program assesses with 80 percent accuracy whether the authors of fiction and non-fiction books are male or female. Patterns detected by the program include the use of pronouns, such as I, you, he, she, them (female) and words that identify and quantify nouns, like a, the, that, one, two (male). The software was designed to identify the most prevalent fingerprints of gender and of fiction and non-fiction. These fingerprints were applied to 566 English-language works published after 1975. "Strikingly, the distinctions between male and female writers are much the same as those that, even more clearly, differentiate non-fiction and fiction," identifying the genres themselves with 98 percent accuracy, the researcher writes. The program will be next applied to classical literature to determine whether these biases existed in earlier cultures and among different languages.
51. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "these biases."
A. characteristics of foreign writers of fiction
B. prejudice against female writers by males
C. distinctive writing styles according to gender
D. stereotype of some male writers as being feminine
B-3
[52-54]
Marjorie Goff stayed in the house from the time she was thirty-one until the age of sixty-one. She was afraid to go out: Marjorie Goff had agoraphobia. So does one adult out of every twenty. One in nine adults suffers from other phobias. That makes phobias the second most common mental-health problem, behind alcoholism.
There are many kinds of phobias, and many are fairly easy to treat. Mild phobias can be treated quickly. Serious phobias can be treated with drugs. The drugs suppress the attacks of fear that go along with phobias. Or, the phobia can be alleviated by going to the kind of support groups similar to those used to treat alcoholics.
It is a _________ that phobias can be treated so easily. When they go untreated, they are one of the most powerful forces in the human psyche. A phobia is like fear looking at itself in the mirror. A phobic is an egocentric. People who for years take the stairs because they are deathly afraid of elevators don’t mind if their own children ride in them.
52. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.
A. problem B. paradox C. deception D. dilemma
53. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Emergence of Fear in Humans
B. The Problem of Drug Addiction in Phobics
C. Categorizing Phobias as a Social Disorder
D. Characterizing and Treating Phobia Symptoms
54. According to the passage, what is a characteristic
of phobics?
A. They are more concerned about themselves than
others.
B. They suffer from many phobias but only one at a
time.
C. They often may not respond to treatments using drugs.
D. They will surpass the number of alcoholics in a
few years.
[55]
There is an enormous difference in the ways in which various public officials respond to public pressures, and in the means and methods they employ to deal with them. The best possess understanding of the forces, that must be taken into account, determination not to be swerved from the path of public interest, a willingness to make enemies along with a gift for avoiding them, and faith that public support will be forthcoming for the correct course. The poorest are overhesitant, evasive, preoccupied with their relationships with their colleagues, superiors, the press or the political support on which they lean. They will make no move unless the gallery is packed. They confront all embarrassments with a stale general formula.
55. Which of the following cannot be inferred about
public officials?
A. Some are better than others in dealing with public
pressures.
B. Some advocate public interest faithfully.
C. Some will not act if an audience is not paying
attention.
D. Some know how to gain full support from enemies.
[56-58]
The typical extrovert is sociable, likes parties, has many friends, needs to have people to talk to, and does not like reading or studying by himself. He craves excitement, takes chances, often sticks his neck out, acts on the spur of the moment, and is generally an impulsive individual. He is fond of practical jokes, always has a ready answer, and generally likes change; he is carefree, easy-going, optimistic, and likes to "laugh and be merry." He prefers to keep moving and doing things, tends to be aggressive and lose his temper quickly; altogether his feelings are not kept under tight control, and he is not always a reliable person.
The typical introvert is a quiet retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people; he is reserved and distant except to intimate friends. He tends to plan ahead, "looks before he leaps," and distrusts the impulse of the moment. He does not like excitement, takes matters of everyday life with proper seriousness, and likes a well-ordered mode of life. He keeps his feelings under close control, seldom behaves in an aggressive manner, and does not lose his temper easily. He is reliable, somewhat pessimistic, and places great value on ethical standards.
56. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. Introverts are not as dynamic as extroverts.
B. Extroverts tend to be more cautious than
introverts.
C. Compared to introverts, extroverts are spontaneous.
D. If extroverts have many friends, introverts have
few.
57. What is the author's purpose in the passage?
A. to state that the definitions of extroverts and
introverts are rather abstract
B. to suggest that extroverts have better personalities
than introverts
C. to imply that introverts and extroverts show
almost polar characteristics
D. to argue that people are a combination of
introversion and extroversion
58. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an
introvert?
A. He is gregarious.
B. He is responsible.
C. He rarely displays emotion.
D. He is a moral person
B-4
[59-61]
The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that of the classical Greeks. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligations and involvement in the collective community that were emphasized by the Greeks. Freedom was to be realized by limiting the scope of governmental activity and political obligation and not through immersion in the collective life of the polis. The basic role of the citizen was to select governmental leaders and keep the powers and scope of public authority in check. On the liberal view, the rights of citizens against the state were the focus of special emphasis.
Over time, the liberal democratic notion of citizenship developed in two directions. First, there was a movement to increase the proportion of members of society who were eligible to participate as citizens―especially through extending the right of suffrage―and to ensure the basic political equality of all. Second, there was a broadening of the legitimate activities of government and a use of governmental power to redress imbalances in social and economic life. Political citizenship became an instrument through which groups and classes with sufficient numbers of votes could use the state power to enhance their social and economic well-being.
59. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. The Greeks stressed collective interests over
private ones in their notion of polis.
B. Some groups and social classes were more radical
than others.
C. The liberal view implies that the rights of citizens take precedence over the state.
D. The right to vote enabled all citizens to be
politically equal.
60. Which of the statements best expresses the main
idea of the passage?
A. The liberal democratic notion of citizenship has developed in a uniform direction.
B. The pursuit of social and economic well-being is the goal in an ideal democracy.
C. Equal focus should be placed on private and
public interests in politics.
D. In the liberal view of democratic citizenship, the government should exist for the people.
61. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "redress."
A. influence B. correct C. magnify D. foster
[62-64]
Geography emits a sulfurous odor of heresy. Why? Other intellectual disciplines have also propagated nonsense or excess, yet no other has been so depreciated and disparaged, if only by neglect. My own sense is that geography is discredited, if not discreditable, by its nature. It tells an unpleasant truth, namely, that nature like life is unfair, unequal in its favors, that nature's unfairness is not easily remedied. A civilization like ours, with its drive to mastery, does not like to be thwarted. It disapproves of discouraging words, which geographic comparisons abound in. On a map of the world in terms of product or income per head, the rich countries lie in the temperate zones, particularly in the northern hemisphere; the poor countries, in the tropics and semi-tropics. Paul Streeten notes that "[T]his reveals the deepseated optimistic bias with which we approach problems of development and the reluctance to admit the vast differences in initial conditions with which today's poor countries are faced compared with the pre-industrial phase of more advanced countries."
62. Which of the following statements best expresses
the main idea of the passage?
A. A bias towards poor countries exists due to
economic conditions.
B. Nature alone determines which countries become
developed.
C. Inevitable geographical features can determine the
wealth of a nation.
D. Geography is an underappreciated field that is
continuously losing respect.
63. Choose the one closest in meaning to the
underlined "emits a sulfurous odor of heresy."
A. displays unorthodox views
B. uses unique drawing methods
C. encompasses history completely
D. employs unnecessary aspects
64. Which of the following best describes the author's
attitude toward geography?
A. optimistic B. indifferent
C. ambivalent D. unfavorable
B-5
[65-66]
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be floundering and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a pivotal role to play, but now it is more delicate. It is essential for strong family ties and trust to prevail throughout this trying period. Parents have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledgling adult while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Any career advice should be offered respectfully, and parents should never make it seem as if the young adult’s quandaries have easy answers. They should certainly offer room and board and occasional gifts or grants but not bankroll their start-up adult entirely. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
65. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Being a Caring Parent to Young Adults
B. Helping New Adults Be Absolutely Independent
C. Dealing with the Weakening Influence of Parents
D. Training Young Adults in Time Management
66. How can parents help their grown son or daughter?
A. by trying to distance themselves
B. by making decisions for them
C. by not showing disappointment directly
D. by making problems seem insignificant
[67-68]
A dog's nose doesn't just dominate its face. It dominates its brain, too. Mucous carries odor molecules to tightly-folded scent membranes behind the nose. But while these membranes are postage-stamp sized in humans, they are handkerchief-sized in some dogs. And then there's the olfactory lobe, the part of the brain that processes scent information. The dog's is four times the size of a human's—despite the fact that dogs have smaller brains! With that much physical resource devoted to it, it's no wonder the dog's sense of smell is 1,000 to 10,000 times better than that of humans. But dogs' ability to track scent is more than a function of quantity. There is a qualitative angle, too. What makes a dog the ideal tracker is not just the ability to detect scent, it's the ability to distinguish scents, and concentration of scents.
67. According to the passage, what is not a difference
between humans and dogs?
A. Humans have relatively bigger brains than dogs.
B. Dogs can better discern scents than humans.
C. Scent membranes are larger in dogs than humans.
D. Noses are more prominent in human faces than
dogs'.
68. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Comparison of Bodies of Humans and Dogs
B. The Highly Developed Sense of Smell in Dogs
C. Dogs―A Better Smeller than Most Animals
D. Dogs―A Man's Best Friend in Times of Need
[69-70]
The growth of polygraph testing has caused widespread criticism and lawsuits. Bosses say the polygraph is an effective weapon against stealing and other problems. Stealing by workers alone costs billions of dollars a year. The polygraph can weed out bad workers as well as exonerate the good. The lie detector doesn't exactly detect lies. It records blood pressure, perspiration, and breathing patterns as questions are asked. There are different kinds of questions; however, the way they are asked is the same. Usually, the examiner, begins by asking a few questions―such as, "Is today Tuesday?" These harmless questions are followed by relevant questions: "Did you steal the money?" False answers are supposed to cause emotional stress. This stress causes the machine to record changes. But the readings can be wrong. Only half the states require the operators to have a license. There is little training. It is important to note that some polygraphers carry malpractice insurance. That may be because a number of workers have gone to court and have won. They proved the machine is .
69. Choose the one that best fills in the blank.
A. perfect B. safe C. fallible D. credible
70. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the
passage?
A. Polygraph testing is an ideal way to detect lies.
B. Emotional stress can arise from false answers.
C. Some polygraphers are sued for malpractice.
D. Polygraph readings are based on physical changes.
B-6
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