Lexical Noun 과 Verbal의 구별 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

일반 명사와 준동사, 그 중에서도 to-V와 동명사가 명사의 역할을 문장 내에 서 할 수 있습니다. 이 두 가지의 form들이 모두 명사 역할을 할 수 있기 때문에 같은 자리에 나오는 것은 분명하나, 몇 가지 반드시 지켜야 할 원리 들이 분명히 있습니다.

 Verb   ->  Verb + Suffix  일반명사    1) 목적어를 취할 수 없다.

                                         2) Adjective로 수식을 한다.

                                         3) 관사를 붙일 수 있다.

         ->  Verb + -ing / to  Verb 준동사     1) 만약 동사가 타동사라고 하면 반드시 목적어를 취해야만 한다.

                                                2) Adverb 로 수식을 한다.

                                                3) 관사를 붙일 수 없다.

Quiz

1.       The creation of new jobs in this community has greatly helped the economy.

2.       The explanation my position would great deal of time

3.       Elimination toxic wastes from the environment is crucial to the future health of our children.

4.       The consumption electrical energy without replenishing it is dangerous.

5.       To generate of some new ideas by new people will greatly enhance out marketing strategy.

6.       Your teacher’s recommendation was mailed to the college yesterday.

7.       Primary concern of a central bank is maintenance of a soundly based commercial banking structure.

8.       To comply with the law is necessary as a citizen.

9.       Many people were worried about the beginning of the 21st century because of the Y2K virus problem.

10.   Measuring of the depth of the river was thought to be impossible.

Pattern Exercise

21.                  The rise of the U.S steel industry in the last quarter of the nineteenth century was brought about largely by the demanding for <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Bessemer steel rails for the nation’s burgeoning rail network.

22.                  Besides feel the soil and sniffing the air, farmers can now point gun-shaped infrared meters at their crops to find out when the plants need watering.

23.                  When it is short of water, a plant, which normally uses evaporation as a means of cool, cannot rid itself of the heat it absorbs from sunlight or the heat that may build up form its own metabolism. 

24.                  The work of Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn, strikes a balance between his optimistic youth and his later cynicism, and is properly regarded as one of the masterpieces of American literaturary.

25.                  The development of Jamestown in Virginia during the second half of the seventeenth century was closely related to the making and using of bricks.

26.                  In 1662, the Town Act of theVirginia Assembly provided for the construction for thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the using of wood as a construction material.

27.                  Prices determine how resources are to be used, and they are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supplying are rationed among buyers.  

28.                  Scientists suggested that mammals caused the extinction of the dinosaurs by eating their eggs or by competition for the same food resources.

29.                  In the science of meteorology, one may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changing from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead.

30.                  The F-15, the replacing for the now outmoded F-14, can fly over 200 miles per hour faster than the older model.

Comprehensive Test

1.       Washington Irving, one of America’s most famous authors, was a lawyer, a businessman, and a United States diplomatic to England and Spain.

D

2.       Large, perfect shaped pearls rank in value with the most precious stones.

A

3.       The 1890s saw the birth of the bicycle crazy in the United States.

D

4.       Algae range in size from microscope one-celled plants to huge masses of seaweed.

B

5.       The first national known male singers of popular music appeared during the 1920s.

B

6.       Limestone long has been quarried for to use as a building stone.

A

7.       During the 1850s and 1860s many people began to experiment with the artist possibilities of photography.

D

8.       In 1875, the American philosopher William James founded what was probable the world’s first psychology laboratory.

C

9.       Most pageants are plays of special significant such as a drama portraying the growth of a city or the development of medicine.

B

10.    Joseph Priestley is immortal in the history of chemistry as the discover of oxygen, in 1774.

D

11.    Seals, turtles, and seabirds can navigate over thousands of miles of open ocean with amazing accurate.

D

12.    In 1829, James Smithson set aside money for creating of the Smithsomian Institute.

C

13.    Most pines grow rapidly and form straight, tall trunks that are ideally for lumber.

D

14.    Freud’s idea have had a great influence on the study of personality, but they are highly controversy.

D

15.    Euglena is a single-celled organism that has characteristic of both plants and animals.

B

16.    The Pony Express from 1860 to 1861 became one of the most colorful episodes in American post history.

D

17.    Paul Dunbar wrote poetry in standard English about tradition poetic subjects and about the heroes of black Americans.

B

18.    Polls following scientific procedures began in 1935 with the experiment nationwide surveys of George Gallup and Elm Roper.

C

19.    Several computer models have been able to succeed predict global climatic changes well in advance of their occurrence.

B

20.    Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that afflicts about one out of every 800 infancies born in the United States.

C

21.    In order to avoid flooding the market with excess goods, distributators often store their surplus goods in private or public warehouses.

B

22.    The Arctic stratosphere appears susceptibly to pollutants produced thousands of miles to its south.

A

23.    Moisturize in the air forms an effective insulating blanket over most of the earth.

A

24.    Aspirin seems helpfully in reducing the risk of stroke in people whose upper heart chambers beat irregularly.

A

25.    President Woodrow Wilson’s collapse on October 2, 1919, was a tragical event not only for the  president and his family but also for the nation.

B

26.    Edgar Allan Poe, creation of the detective story at the age of thirty-two, claimed to prefer writing poetry to writing prose.

A

27.    The powerful, destroy force of hurricanes, common in the Caribbean and southeastern United States, sometimes reaches as far north as New England.

A

28.    Geothermal energy, for example the heat from activate volcanoes and geysers, can be turned into electricity.

C

29.    The short wave lengths of ultraviolet light produce luminescence in the crystalize of some minerals.

C

30.    In recent years, steps have been taken to guarantee equality job opportunities to the handicapped and to minorities

C

31.    Nationality known Black activist LeRoi Jones has also achieved recognition for his powerful separatist poetry.

A

32.    The chlorophyll in leaves is a complex organically molecule capable of converting certain wavelengths of light into chemical energy.

B

33.    The gypsy moth was originally introduced into the northeastern part of the United States by a French scientific who hoped to use it to develop a new strain of silk.

C

34.    Summer comes to the Northern Hemisphere when the earth’s axis tilts toward the solar.

D

35.    Most males begin to experience lost of hair at around forty years of age.

B?

36.    In his quest for national united, Thomas Jefferson sought political support from banking, commercial, and manufacturing interests.

A

37.    At Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, the ancient remains of many animals are left part unexcavated so that visitors can see how their fossilization occurred.

C

38.    Soon after its opening on the stage, The Glass Menagerie won criticize acclaim for its author, Tennessee Williams.

C

39.    Phonologists study the sound patterns of language to learn the rules that governance the way sounds are combined.

D

40.    Emotionally stable people seem to have about the same number of nightmares as highly anxiously individuals.

D

41.    The Humane Society fights to discourage cruelty treatment of animals and sponsors shelters for the protection of stray and lost pets.

B

42.    In spite of countless obstacles, Charles Lindbergh remained relentlessly in his efforts to cross the Atlantic in his small monoplane and finally succeeded in the spring of 1927.

C

43.    From 1865 to 1875, a remarkable various of inventions was produced.

C

44.    A number of the materials used in manufacturing paint are potential dangerous if mishandled

C

45.    Physical therapists help patients relearn how to use their bodies after disease or injure.

D

46.    There was once a widespread believe that all lizards were poisonous.

B

47.    Bricks can be made from many difference types of clay.

C

48.    Judges in dog shows rate dogs on such points as their colorful, posture, shape, and size.

C

49.    The medicine of prehistoric people probably consisted of a mixture of scientific practices, superstitions, and religious believes.

D

50.    Storks constantly rearrange their nests to keep their eggs safety, dry, and warm.

C